WTO上诉机构危机的国际法分析  

An Analysis of the WTO Appellate Body Crisis from the Perspective of International Law

作　　者：杨国华[1] Yang Guohua

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2024年第1期3-11,共9页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：WTO争端解决机制建立在条约基础上,因此《维也纳条约法公约》序言中的善意原则应适用于解释当前的上诉机构危机。上诉机构危机不能归咎于上诉机构所谓的问题,而应归咎于美国的阻挠行为。美国破坏上诉机构成员连任和遴选,并持续阻挠上诉机构恢复运转,显属滥用权利。在争端解决机制支离破碎已达4年,并且谈判前景模糊不清的情况下,启动《建立WTO协定》中的表决程序,或者集体启动上诉机构成员遴选程序,可能是解决上诉机构危机更为适当的路径,而《维也纳条约法公约》中的情况之基本改变和相互间协定等内容也为上述方案提供了相应的理论支撑。WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism(DSM)is based on treaties,so the principle of good faith in the preamble of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties(VCLT)shall be applied.The crisis of Appellate Body(AB)cannot be attributed to the so-called problems of the AB,but rather to the obstructive behavior of the United States.The United States has destroyed the WTO appellate system by blocking the selection of AB members,apparently abusing its rights.The DSM has been broken for nearly 4 years and its future remains vague.In this particular situation,a more appropriate approach could be by voting according to the Agreement Establishing the WTO or collective action to select the AB members,and the clauses on fundamental change of circumstances and inter se agreements in the VCLT could provide a legal basis for this initiative.

关 键 词：WTO争端解决机制 上诉机构危机 条约法 善意原则 滥用权利 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]