从选择到义务:国际法视角下的多边主义  

From Choice to Obligation:Multilateralism from the Perspective of International Law

作　　者：廖凡[1] 王慧[1] Liao Fan;Wang Hui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2024年第1期31-38,39-43,共13页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：多边主义是第二次世界大战以来具有基础性、主导性的制度安排和价值理念。国际法与多边主义有着不可分割的内在联系。国际法是国际社会通用的话语体系,而多边主义则是对这种通用性的有力支撑。国际法旨在建立一个基于国家同意的规则体系,而当代国际法就包含着多边主义的精髓。作为具有约束力的规则体系,国际法可以将多边主义安排法律化,使国家的多边主义选择“固化”为法律义务。国际法的体系越成熟,多边主义的根基越牢固。在一定范围内、一定程度上,可以认为多边主义已经成为一项国际法义务。这不仅体现在国际法的一些特定领域,如国际和平与安全、国际争端解决以及国际海洋治理,已经形成要求进行国际合作的明确规则,还体现在基于主权平等原则和共同管理理念,可以确立更为一般性的“践行多边主义”的国际法义务。从论辩主义的视角看,将“践行多边主义”作为一项(形成中的)国际法义务加以研究和论证,有助于创新中国国际法理论,增强中国在国际法领域的话语权。Multilateralism is a fundamental and dominant institutional arrangement and value since World War II,while international law has inseparable and intrinsic linkage to multilateralism.International law is the universal discourse of the international community,and multilateralism is a strong support for such universality.International law is intended to be a consent-based system of rules,and as such contemporary international law enshrines the essence of multilateralism.As an enforceable system of rules,international law can legalize multilateral arrangements,"crystalizing"the states'multilateral choices into legal obligations.The more mature the system of international law,the more solid the foundation of multilateralism.Within a certain scope and to a certain extent,multilateralism may be seen as constituting an international law obligation.This is not only because in certain areas of international law,such as international peace and security,international disputes settlement,and the"due regard"obligation,there have been specific rules mandating international cooperation,but also because a more general international obligation of"practicing multilateralism"might be established based on the international law's principles of sovereign equality and joint stewardship.Seen from the argumentative perspective,the research on and justification of"practicing multilateralism"as an(emerging)international law obligation is conductive to innovating Chinese international law theory and enhancing China's discursive power in the field of international law.

关 键 词：多边主义 国际法 国家主权 论辩主义 人类命运共同体 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]