贵州省2005-2020年伤寒副伤寒流行特征分析及防控对策分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and the prevention and control countermeasures of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2020

作　　者：胡灿[1] 姚光海[1] 王丹[1] 黄艳萍[1] 黄荷[1] HU Can;YAO Guanghai;WANG Dan;HUANG Yanping;HUANG He(Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang,Guizhou 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第1期30-33,38,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(黔卫健综函[2019]56号,gzwjkj2019-1-236)。

摘　　要：目的 分析贵州省2005-2020年伤寒副伤寒流行特征和防控对策,为全省伤寒副伤寒防控工作提供参考。方法 收集全民健康保障疾控信息系统中伤寒副伤寒疫情数据和《贵州省统计年鉴》、肠道传染病基地项目等资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 贵州省2005-2020年累计报告伤寒副伤寒病例22 746例,死亡14例,年均发病率3.93/10万。发病率最高的年份是2005年,为15.21/10万,年均发病率最高的市州和县(市、区)分别是黔西市南州(8.40/10万)、兴义市(15.08/10万),发病人群以农民(7 835例,占34.45%)和学生(6 027例,占26.50%)为主,季节高峰在5~10月(15 826例,占69.58%),发病年龄以10~50岁为主(17 758例,占78.07%)。暴发疫情24起,发病例数939例,罹患率为0.55%。分离菌株1 883株,以甲型副伤寒沙门菌为主(74.14%)。伤寒和甲型副伤寒菌株对萘啶酸耐药率分别为26.45%和93.18%。伤寒副伤寒防控策略和重大行动18条,对降低伤寒副伤寒发病有重要推动作用。结论 贵州省伤寒副伤寒发病率呈逐年下降趋势,既往防控对策和重大行动对伤寒副伤寒发病率下降有重要推动作用。应针对性推动既往有效对策,有效降低伤寒副伤寒的危害。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the prevention and control countermeasures of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2020,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.Methods Collection of data on typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever epidemics from The National Health Care Information System for Disease Control and Prevention,Guizhou Statistics Yearbook and Enteric Infectious Diseases Base Project and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results Cumulative total of 22746 cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever were reported in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2020,with 14 deaths and an average annual incidence rate of 3.93/100000.The year with the highest incidence rate was 2005,at 15.21/100000.The cities and counties(cities and districts)with the highest average annual incidence rates were Qianxi City,Nan Prefecture(8.40/100000)and Xingyi City(15.08/100000),with the incidence of the population dominated by peasants(7835 cases accounting for 34.45%)and students(6027 cases accounting for 27.29%)with the seasonal peak from May to October(15826 cases accounting for 69.58%).The age of onset was predominantly 10 to 50 years old(17758 cases accounting for 78.07%).A total of 24 outbreak epidemics and 939 cases were reported with an attack rate of 0.55%.A total of 1883 strains were isolated,and Salmonella paratyphi A was predominant(74.14%).The drug resistance rates of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella paratyphi A to nalidixic acid were 26.45%and 93.18%,respectively.A total of 18 strategies and major actions for the prevention fever and control countermeasures of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever played an important role in reducing the incidence rate of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.Conclusion The incidence rate of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Guizhou Province shows a decreasing trend year by year.Previous prevention and control countermeasures and major actions have contributed

关 键 词：伤寒副伤寒 流行特征 防控对策 描述性流行病学 耐药性 分析 

分 类 号：R516.3[医药卫生—内科学]