淮安市洪泽区某小学一起水痘暴发疫情的调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of a varicella outbreak epidemic in an elementary school in Hongze District,Huai'an City

作　　者：唐丽[1] 曹永红 张正[1] 蔡永丽 高强[1] 李双姝 TANG Li;CAO Yonghong;ZHANG Zheng;CAI Yongli;GAO Qiang;LI Shuangshu(Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Huai'an,Jiangsu 223003,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]淮安市疾病预防控制中心,江苏准安223003 [2]洪泽区疾病预防控制中心 [3]淮阴师范学院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第1期88-91,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12071173);淮安市自然科学基金项目(HAB202341);淮安市自然科学生命健康专项软课题(2023KX0155)。

摘　　要：目的 分析淮安市洪泽区某小学一起水痘疫情流行特征及处置过程,为今后控制水痘疫情提供依据。方法 对2020年12月淮安市洪泽区某小学水痘暴发疫情进行病例搜索、流行病学个案调查及现场环境调查,并对不同特征人群水痘罹患率采用χ2检验进行流行病学统计描述。结果 此次水痘疫情从2020年12月8日持续至2021年7月3日,累计报告水痘病例82例,罹患率为3.78%;疫情先后波及27个班级,占学校班级总数的60.00%(27/45),一年级发病最多,为24例,占总发病例数的29.27%;男、女性别比为1.1∶1,学生和教师的水痘罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=348.960 0,P<0.05);男、女水痘罹患率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.004 5,P>0.05)。7~<8岁年龄组病例最多,为20例,占总发病例数的24.39%;82例病例中23例接种过水痘疫苗,且只接种过1剂次,突破性水痘发病率占28.05%(23/82)。结论 学生是水痘的高发群体,应加强学校的水痘监测,发现疫情后应及时采取有效的防控措施,加大水痘宣传力度以提升学生水痘疫苗的接种率,尤其是提高第2剂次水痘疫苗的接种率。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and management process of a varicella epidemic in an elementary school in Hongze District,Huai'an City,and to provide evidence for the control of the varicella epidemics in the future.Methods Case search,epidemiological case investigation,and field environmental investigation of the varicella outbreak epidemic in an elementary school in Hongze District,Huai'an City in December 2020.Epidemiologic statistics were described using the chi-square test for the attack rate of varicella in populations with different characteristics.Results The varicella epidemic lasted from December 8,2020 to July 3,2021,with a cumulative total of 82 reported cases of varicella,with an attack rate of 3.78%.The epidemic successively affected 27 classes,accounting for 60.00%(27/45)of the total number of cases.The highest number of cases in the first grade was 24,accounting for 29.27%of the total number of cases.The gender ratio of male to female cases was 1.1:1,and the statistically significant difference in the attack rate of varicella between students and teachers(x^(2)=348.9600,P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the attack rate of varicella between males and females(x^(2)=0.0045,P>0.05).The greatest number of cases was observed in the age group 7-<8 years old with 20 cases,accounting for 24.39%of the total number of cases.Of the 82 cases,23 cases had received one dose of varicella vaccine,and the incidence rate of breakthrough varicella accounted for 28.05%(23/82).Conclusion Students are a high-risk group of varicella.School varicella surveillance should be strengthened.Effective precautions should be taken in a timely manner after the detection of epidemics.The propaganda efforts of varicella should be enhanced to improve the vaccination rate of varicella vaccine for students,especially to improve the second dose rate of varicella vaccine.

关 键 词：学校 水痘 暴发 调查 分析 儿童 疫情 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]