贵州省仁怀市鱼类物种组成及其多样性  

Species Composition and Diversity of Fish in Renhuai City,Guizhou Province

作　　者：王玲林 董响红 何浩宇 张书海 岳勇 龙茂源 张小洪 安苗[2] Wang Linglin;Dong Xianghong;He Haoyu;Zhang Shuhai;Yue Yong;Long Maoyuan;Zhang Xiaohong;An Miao(Forestry Bureau of Renhuai,Renhuai 564500,Guizhou,China;College of Animal Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]仁怀市林业局,贵州仁怀564500 [2]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2024年第1期45-54,共10页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：仁怀市林业局项目(GZBL-CG22-A[2022-152]);贵州省科技计划项目([2020]4Y027)。

摘　　要：仁怀市位于赤水河中上游交汇区的右岸,境内河流水系众多,赤水河干流段是长江上游珍稀、特有鱼类国家级保护区重要组成部分,为弄清全市鱼类多样性状况,2022-2023年对10条主要河流开展6次野外综合调查。结果表明,仁怀市有鱼类81种(亚种),隶属7目19科63属,其中,外来鱼类10种(亚种或杂交种),国家重点保护野生鱼类5种,红色名录鱼类10种,长江上游特有鱼类17种;土著鱼类以鲤形目和鲤科占绝对优势;基于物种丰富度和G-F指数评价,赤水河干流相较其他支流,其鱼类物种最丰富,多样性水平最高;珍稀濒危特有鱼类主要分布于赤水河干流,外来鱼类在局部河流区段有分布。综合分析显示,仁怀市鱼类物种丰富度和多样性程度高,受河流生境、水质、拦河大坝和人为干扰等因素影响,各河流鱼类多样性的分布差异较大,其中,人工养殖逃逸和引种是外来鱼类分布的主要推手。研究结果丰富了仁怀市鱼类资源的本底资料,可为鱼类物种的多样性保护及其资源管理提供科学依据。In order to clarify the fish diversity status in Renhuai City,Guizhou Province,we carried out 6 comprehensive field investigations on the fish resources of 10 major rivers from 2022 to 2023.The results showed that there existed 81 species(subspecies)of fishes in Renhuai City,belonged to 7 orders,19 families,and 63 genera.Among those,there were 10 speciesof exotic fishes(subspecies or hybrid species),5 species of national key protected wild fish species,10 species of China's red list of biodiversity,and 17 species of the rare and endemic fishes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,and with an absolute advantage by Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae in native fishes.The Renhuai's reach of the Chishui River had the richest fish species and the highest level of diversity as compared to other branches based on the evaluation of species richness and G-F index.In addition,rare and endemic fishes were mainly distributed in the main stream of the Chishui River,while exotic fishes were distributed in local sections of some rivers.Comprehensive analysis showed that the richness and diversity of fish species in the Renhuai's reach of the Chishui River were high.There were significant differences in the distribution of fish diversity among dfferent rivers,which caused by factors such as habitat,water quality,river dams,and human interference and so on.Among them,artificial breeding escape and introduction are the main drivers of the distribution of exotic fish species.The research results had enriched the background data of fish resources in Renhuai City,and provided scientific basis for the conservation diversity and resource management of fish species.

关 键 词：鱼类 物种组成 多样性 河流 仁怀市 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]