1961-2020年中国降水等级的变化特征  

Changes in Precipitation Grades in China from 1961-2020

作　　者：许肖璐 张方敏[1] 邓汗青[2,3] 何彬方 田红 方砚秋[1] Xu Xiaolu;Zhang Fangmin;Deng Hanqing;He Binfang;Tian Hong;Fang Yanqiu(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology,College of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Anhui Climate Center,Hefei 230031,China;Anhui Province Meteorological Science Research Institute/Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing Key Laboratory,Hefei 230031,China;Shouxian National Climatology Station/Huai River Basin Typical Agro-Ecosystems Meteorology Field Experiment Station of China Meteorological Administration,Huainan,Anhui 232000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044 [2]安徽省气候中心,合肥230031 [3]气象科学研究所/大气科学与卫星遥感安徽省重点实验室,合肥230031 [4]寿县国家气候观象台/中国气象局淮河流域典型农田生态气象野外科学试验基地,安徽淮南232000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第2期181-189,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BK20220017);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J067);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(206038346013);江苏省研究生实践创新计划(SJCX22_0374)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究全国各等级降水的时空分布特征及季节变化规律,增强对我国不同等级降水发生规律的认知,进而为提升全国防灾减灾能力提供科技支撑。[方法]基于1961—2020年全国681个气象站点的逐日地面降水资料,分析了全国不同等级降水(小雨、中雨、大雨和暴雨)日数、强度的时空分布特征和季节变化规律。[结果](1)1961—2020年全国小雨日数呈减少趋势,中雨以上等级日数呈增长趋势,除暴雨强度变化幅度较大外,小雨、中雨和大雨强度均无明显变化。秋季小雨日数减幅最大,大雨、暴雨日数在夏季增加最快、秋季最缓,暴雨强度在各季节波动幅度均较大。(2)不同等级降水空间分布有一定差异性,小雨日数高值区主要分布在西南诸河流域,中雨以上等级降水日数以及各等级降水强度均从东南向西北逐渐减小,内陆河流域降水日数、强度均为最小。(3)春、秋、冬三季降水主要集中在东南诸河流域和珠江流域,小雨占主导地位,夏季降水主要集中在西南诸河流域、东南诸河流域和珠江流域。(4)小雨日数的减少在春季和冬季较为明显,东南诸河流域和珠江流域对小雨日数减少起到了很大贡献,中雨以上等级降水日数在各季节大致以上升趋势为主,大雨强度在春季增强、秋季减弱,各流域暴雨强度在春季呈增强趋势。[结论]全国各等级降水在时空分布以及季节尺度上有明显差异,九大流域对全国不同等级降水的贡献作用不尽相同,未来应加强各流域主要环流系统及水循环等对不同等级降水影响的研究。[Objective]The aims of this study are to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and seasonal change patterns of precipitation of various grades across China,enhance the knowledge of the occurrence patterns of different grades of precipitation in China,and then provide scientific and technological support for enhancing the national disaster prevention and mitigation capacity.[Methods]Based on the daily surface precipitation data from 681 meteorological stations in China during 1961—2020,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and seasonal variation of the days and intensity of precipitation of different grades(light rain,moderate rain,large rain and heavy rain)across China were analyzes.[Results](1)From 1961 to 2020,the number of light rain days showed a decreasing trend,while the number of moderate rain,large rain and heavy rain days showed an increasing trend,and no significant changes in the intensity of light,moderate and large rain except for great changes in the intensity of heavy rain were found.The number of light rain days decreased the most in autumn,large and heavy rain days increased the fastest in summer,and the slowest in autumn.The intensity of heavy rain fluctuated greatly in each season.(2)There was some variability in the spatial distribution of different precipitation levels,the high number of light rain days mainly distributed in the southwest river basins,the number of days with moderate rain and above and the intensity of precipitation at each level gradually decreased from southeast to northwest,and the number of days and intensity of precipitation in the Inland River basins were the smallest.(3)Precipitation in spring,autumn and winter mainly concentrated in the southeastern River Basins and the Pearl River Basin,where light rainfall predominated,and in summer precipitation mainly concentrated in the southwestern Rivers Basin,the southeastern Rivers Basin and the Pearl River Basin.The areas with higher intensity of precipitation at all levels in spring

关 键 词：九大流域 降水日数 降水强度 季节变化 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]