云南省保山市2010-2020年学校传染病流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools in Baoshan City,Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2020

作　　者：段生朝[1] 何恺[1] 赵永 王星涪 马崇惠[1] 赵建娥 徐维仙 DUAN Shengchao;HE Kai;ZHAO Yong;WANG Xingfu;MA Chonghui;ZHAO Jian'e;XU Weixian(Baoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China)

机构地区：[1]保山市疾病预防控制中心,云南保山678000

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第3期223-228,共6页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：云南省儿童青少年常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预项目(云卫疾控发[2021]9号)。

摘　　要：目的 分析保山市学校传染病的流行状况及变化趋势,为制定学校传染病防治策略和措施提供依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统下载2010-2020年学生法定传染病疫情资料,用Excel 2007整理数据,SPSS 19.0统计分析,用秩和检验进行统计学差异分析。结果 保山市2010-2020年学校传染病年均发病率179.9/10万,波动于120.9/10万~319.5/10万;各县(市/区)的学校传染病发病率,差异有统计学意义(H=22.8,P<0.01),施甸县(320.7/10万)和龙陵县(273.6/10万)发病率较高;学校传染病报告病种15~18种,主要为乙、丙类,呼吸道和肠道传染病为主,古老和新发传染病共存,有暴发流行;4~7月及9月至次年1月传染病发病例数较多,分别占36.3%和48.7%;2010-2020年人群传染病疾病谱发生变化;有登革热、疟疾病例输入;艾滋病相关死亡6例,病死率为0.8‰。结论 加强学生常见多发传染病的症状预警监测,提高对新发和少见传染病的监测敏感性和快速反应能力,重点关注高发疫情地区,做好有疫苗可防传染病的免疫接种、卫生宣教及暴发疫情处置,防止其流行传播。ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic status and changing trend of infectious diseases in schools in Baoshan City,and to provide the basis for the development of infectious disease prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods The epidemic data of notifiable infectious diseases among students from 2010 to 2020 were downloaded from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Excel 2007 was used to organize the data,SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis,and the rank sum test was used for statistical different analysis.Results The average annual incidence of infectious diseases in schools in Baoshan from 2010 to 2020 was 179.9/100000,fluctuating from 120.9/100000 to 319.5/100000.There was a significant difference in the incidence of infectious diseases in schools by city county and district(H=22.8,P<0.01),and the incidences in Shidian County(320.7/100000)and Longling County(273.6/100000)were higher.There were 15 to 18 kinds of infectious diseases in schools reported,most of which were class B and C.Respiratory and intestinal infections were predominant.Ancient and emerging infectious diseases coexist,and outbreaks occur.The incidence of infectious diseases was higher from April to July and September to January of the following year,accounting for 36.3%and 48.7%,respectively.The spectrum of infectious diseases among the population changed from 2010 to 2020.There were imported cases of dengue fever and malaria and six AIDS-related deaths,with a case fatality rate of O.8%o.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the early warning and monitoring of symptoms of common infectious diseases among students,and improve the monitoring sensitivity and rapid response ability of emerging and rare infectious diseases.To prevent the spread of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases,more attention should be paid to areas with high incidence of the disease,and immunization,health education,and outbreak response of epidemic situation should be carried out.

关 键 词：学生 传染病 疫情 学校卫生 流行病学 疾病监测 疾病防控 分析 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]