德国的重新武装与朔尔茨政府对俄外交的转折  

Rearmament of Germany and the Turnaround in the Schulz Administration's Diplomacy towards Russia

作　　者：吕蕊[1] Lv Rui(School of Political Science and International Relations, Tongji University)

机构地区：[1]同济大学政治与国际关系学院

出　　处：《国际关系研究》2024年第1期60-86,M0005,共28页Journal of International Relations

摘　　要：冷战后,尽管德国一直在谋求世界大国的国际地位,但是却不愿意重新武装,而是继续将防务安全外包给北约和美国,对外塑造起强调经贸关系和致力冲突解决的民事大国形象。但是,随着美国将战略重心从欧洲、中东转移到亚太以及2014年克里米亚事件的爆发,德国被迫重新思考重新武装问题和对俄罗斯的接触政策。2022年2月,乌克兰危机直接促使朔尔茨政府推出“分水岭外交”,德国外交由此出现重大转折。德国从之前的不愿武装转变为重新武装,将对俄罗斯的战略定位从可接触的友邦和伙伴转变为对手和敌人,从一个民事大国向全面大国的方向迈进。但是,朔尔茨的政策未来能否走得顺畅,还有待乌克兰危机、欧洲形势以及德国国内政治变化的发展。After the Cold War,despite seeking international status as a world power,Germany was reluctant to rearm and continued to outsource its defense and security to NATO and the United States,creating an external image of a civil power that emphasized economic and trade relations and a commitment to conflict resolution.However,as the United States shifted its strategic focus from Europe and the Middle East to the Asia-Pacific,and with the outbreak of the Crimea Incident in 2014,Germany was forced to rethink the issue of rearmament and its contact policy with Russia.In February 2022,the Ukrainian Crisis led directly to the introduction of “watershed diplomacy” by the Scholz government,which led to a major shift in German diplomacy.Germany shifted from being reluctant to rearm to rearming,shifting its strategic orientation toward Russia from an accessible friend and partner to an adversary and enemy,and moving from being a civil power to a full-fledged one.Whether Scholz's policy will go smoothly in the future,however,remains to be seen in the development of the Ukrainian Crisis,the situation in Europe,and the domestic political changes in Germany.

关 键 词：德国重新武装 和平主义 乌克兰危机 外交转向 

分 类 号：D851.2[政治法律—政治学] D851.6[政治法律—外交学]