共产国际对川陕苏区的援助与发展谋划(1933-1935)——兼论中国苏维埃运动发展演变的历史格局  

The Comintern's Aid and Development Plan for the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area(1933-1935):An Analysis on the Historical Evolution of the Chinese Soviet Movement

作　　者：何志明 He Zhiming

机构地区：[1]四川大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第1期33-48,M0003,M0004,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：2023年度四川大学“从0到1”创新研究项目“共产国际与川陕苏区发展格局演变的内在关系研究(1933-1935)”(2023CX15)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1932年底,红四方面军进入川北开辟川陕苏区,标志着中国苏维埃区域体系的“西扩”,也引起了共产国际的高度关注。随着红四方面军连续两次打退敌人的大规模进攻,中央苏区则在第五次反“围剿”斗争中不断失利,共产国际对于川陕苏区的地位更加重视,不仅制定了具体的干部和物资援助计划,而且提出以川陕苏区为基点建立中共中央西北局、统一领导西北革命的设想,以此来推动西北苏维埃运动新局面的形成。虽然共产国际这一计划因红四方面军离开川陕苏区而未能实现,但是与20世纪30年代中国苏维埃运动重心从南方向北方转移的整体格局演变相契合,也在一定程度上影响了中共中央在长征过程中的抉择。In late 1932,the Red Fourth Front Army advanced into northern Sichuan and established the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area(SSSA),marking the"westward expansion"of the Chinese Soviet regional system and garnering significant attention from the Comintern.The Red Fourth Front Army successfully repelled two enemy attacks,while the Red Army in the Central Soviet Area failed in its campaign to break the fifth encirclement.This contrast prompted the Comintern to prioritize the SSSA,leading to the drafting of aid proposals and cadre training programs.Additionally,the Comintern proposed the establishment of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in the SSSA,with the aim of spearheading the revolution in northwest China.If realized,these plans were anticipated to usher in a new chapter in the development of the Soviet movement in northwest China.However,the Red Fourth Front Army subsequently departed from the SSSA,rendering the aforementioned Comintern plans unfulflled.Nevertheless,these proposed plans were consistent with the shift of the Chinese revolution's focus from the South to the North in the 1930s and had some influence on the decision-making of the CPC Central Committee during the Long March.

关 键 词：共产国际 川陕苏区 西北局 苏维埃运动 

分 类 号：D23[政治法律—政治学]