2020年内蒙古自治区人间鼠疫病例的流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of human plague cases in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2020

作　　者：冯一兰 范蒙光 张忠兵 李建云 张大禹 韩冰 于欣欣 FENG Yilan;FAN Mengguang;ZHANG Zhongbing;LI Jianyun;ZHANG Dayu;HAN Bing;YU Xinxin(Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Huhhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第2期122-125,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项--内蒙古自治区鼠疫防控关键技术研究(2021ZD0006)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2020年内蒙古自治区3例人间鼠疫病例的流行病学特征,探讨当地鼠疫防控的重点和薄弱环节。方法 采用描述流行病学方法,对2020年内蒙古自治区3例人间鼠疫病例的流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2020年7月乌拉特中旗1名女性牧民被确诊为腺鼠疫病例,治愈;2020年8月达茂旗1名男性牧民被确诊为肠鼠疫病例,死亡;2020年8月乌拉特前旗1名牧民被确诊为腺鼠疫病例,死亡。以上3例鼠疫病例发病前均有在草场放牧的习惯和经历,无流行病学关联。乌拉特中旗、达茂旗和乌拉特前旗2020年均有动物间鼠疫疫情发生。3例鼠疫病例共33名密切接触者,无续发病例报告。结论 2020年内蒙古自治区动物间鼠疫疫情已进入大流行阶段,动物疫情扩散至人间。在疫源地内放牧的高危人群缺乏鼠疫防护意识和能力,就医不及时。建议相关部门加大监测力度,开展风险提示和预警,对高危人群进行网格化管理和健康教育,落实首诊医师负责制,加强基层医务人员鼠疫的鉴别诊断培训。Objective To analyze the epidemiologic features of three human plague cases in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2020,so as to explore the key points and weak links of local plague prevention and control.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiologic features of the three human plague cases in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2020.Results In July 2020,a female herder in Wulatezhong Banner was diagnosed with bubonic plague and cured.In August 2020,a male herder in Damao Banner was diagnosed with intestinal plague and died.In August 2020,a herder in Wulateqian Banner was diagnosed with bubonic plague and died.All the above three plague cases had the habit and experience of grazing in the grasslands before the onset of the disease.There was no epidemiologic association among them.Wulatezhong Banner,Damao Banner and Wulateqian Banner all reported animal plague outbreaks in 2020.The three plague cases had a total of 33 close contacts,and no secondary cases were reported.Conclusion The animal plague epidemic in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2020 has entered a pandemic stage,epidemic spreading from animals to humans.The high-risk population who grazed in the plague epidemic focus lacked the awareness and ability of plague protection,and did not seek medical treatment in time.It is recommended that relevant departments strengthen monitoring efforts,carry out risk alerts and early warnings,implement grid-based management and health education for high-risk populations,establish a system where primary care physicians are responsible for initial diagnosis,and enhance the training of primary healthcare workers in the identification and differential diagnosis of plague.

关 键 词：内蒙古自治区 人间鼠疫 流行病学特征 分析 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]