2011-2021年铜川市流行性感冒的流行趋势及病原学特点  

Epidemiological trends and pathogenic characteristics of influenza in Tongchuan from 2011 to 2021

作　　者：苏翠 杨凯翔 王君 马萍[3] 刘新利 王学良 SU Cui;YANG Kaixiang;WANG Jun;MA Ping;LIU Xinli;WANG Xueliang(School of Public Health,Faculty of Medicine,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710061,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西西安710061 [2]铜川市疾病预防控制中心 [3]陕西省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第2期142-146,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题--艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治项目(2018ZX0713002)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2011-2021年铜川市流行性感冒的流行趋势及病原学特点,为铜川市的流感防控提供科学依据。方法 通过中国流感监测系统收集2011-2021年铜川市流感样病例、病原学检测和暴发疫情等数据,利用Excel 2010软件和SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行整理和统计分析。率的比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2011-2021年铜川市共报告流感样病例(influenza-like illness, ILI)16 537例,占1.13%,报告暴发疫情47起,流感发病呈上升趋势(χ趋势2=786.412,P<0.001),不同监测年的ILI%差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3 888.773,P<0.001)。流感疫情呈单峰流行,有明显的季节性,流行高峰为每年的12月至次年1月。15岁以下儿童为高发人群,占74.15%。流感病毒核酸阳性标本1 410份,阳性率为17.50%,以甲型H3N2亚型为主,占34.11%,核酸阳性检出率在不同监测年和年龄分布上差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=377.51,P<0.001;χ^(2)=202.632,P<0.001)。2011-2021年流感病毒4个亚型交替出现或共同存在,2015和2017年以B型流感病毒为主,其余监测年份以A型流感病毒为主。结论 建议每年在流感流行前1个月推广四价流感疫苗接种,并加强学校等场所的流感防控工作。Objective To analyze the epidemiological trends and pathogenic characteristics of influenza in Tongchuan from 2011 to 2021,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control for influenza in Tongchuan.Methods The data of influenza-like illness(ILI),pathogen monitoring and influenza outbreak epidemics in Tongchuan from 2011 to 2021 were collected through the China Influenza Surveillance Information System.Excel 2010 and SPSS 22.0 software were used for data cleaning and statistical analysis.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant difference.Results From 2011 to 2021,a total of 16 537 influenza-like illnesses(ILI) were reported in Tongchuan, accounting for 1.13%,and 47 outbreaks were reported.The incidence of influenza was on the rise(χ^(2)_(trend)=786.412,P<0.001).The difference of ILI% in different surveillance years was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3 888.773,P<0.001).The epidemic of influenza showed a single peak epidemic, with obvious seasonal characteristics, and the epidemic peak was from December to January of the next year.Children under 15 years old were the high-risk population, accounting for 74.15%.A total of 1 410 samples were positive for Influenza virus nucleic acid, with a positive rate of 17.50%,and the main subtype was Influenza A virus H3N2,accounting for 34.11%.There were significantly differences in the positive rate of nucleic acid among different surveillance years and age distribution(χ^(2)=377.51,P<0.001;χ^(2)=202.632,P<0.001).Four subtypes of Influenza virus appeared alternately or co-existed from 2011 to 2021.Influenza B virus was the predominant virus in 2015 and 2017,and Influenza A virus was the predominant virus in other monitoring years.Conclusion It is recommended to promote the quadrivalent influenza vaccination one month before the influenza epidemic and strengthen the prevention and control of influenza in schools and other places.

关 键 词：流感样病例 流感病毒 监测 流行趋势 优势病毒株 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]