1910—1911年东北大鼠疫传播的时空网络与死亡的区域分异  

The spatiotemporal network of spread and the regional differentiation of death of the Great Pestis in Northeast China 1910-1911

作　　者：龚胜生[1,2] 刘晓峥 GONG Shengsheng;LIU Xiaozheng(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences/Research Institute of Sustainable Development,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;The Key Laboratory of Geographical Process and Spatial Analysis and Simulation of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院可持续发展研究中心,武汉430079 [2]地理过程与分析模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《地理研究》2024年第2期478-504,共27页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371265);国家社会科学基金项目(21VJXT015);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2016CFA026)。

摘　　要：1910—1911年的东北大鼠疫是中国近代史上的大事。本文从历史医学地理学视角切入,采用历史计量分析、社会网络分析、地理空间分析等方法,对东北大鼠疫的传播网络与死亡分异进行研究,结果发现:①东北大鼠疫以满洲里为首发地,蔓延东三省、直隶、山东130个县厅,哈尔滨、沈阳、长春、大连、北京、保定、烟台、济南为鼠疫传播网络的主要节点;②东北大鼠疫流行期从1910年10月25日到1911年4月29日,历时197天,可分为萌芽期、扩张期、衰退期3个阶段,春节前后鼠疫流行最炽;③东北大鼠疫主要沿铁路和海路干线传播,传播方式以跨点跳跃式为主,以近邻浸染式为辅;④东北大鼠疫死亡6万多人,但死亡的空间分异显著,哈尔滨-长春-沈阳铁路沿线区域是鼠疫死亡的重灾区;⑤东北大鼠疫的死亡分异受地理环境因素制约,寒冷的气候环境、年关的人口流动、快捷的铁路交通都是其重要因素。东北大鼠疫激发了公共卫生意识和疫情防控机制的进步,本文研究结果对于世界历史鼠疫大流行和现代交通方式对疫情传播影响的研究具有重要参考价值。The Great Pestis in Northeast China from 1910 to 1911 was a great event in modern Chinese history.From the perspective of historical medical geography,historical metrological analysis,social network analysis,geographical spatial analysis and other methods are used in this paper to study the spread network and death differentiation of the Great Pestis in Northeast China.It is found that:(1)The Great Pestis in Northeast China originated in Manchuria and spread to 130 counties in provinces of Liaoning,Jilin and Heilongjiang as well as Zhili and Shandong.Harbin,Shenyang,Changchun,Dalian,Beijing,Baoding,Yantai and Jinan are the main nodes of the pestis spread network.(2)The epidemic period of pestis in Northeast China lasted 197 days from October 25,1910 to April 29,1911.It can be divided into three stages:The embryonic stage,the expansion stage and the decline stage,pestis was most prevalent around the Spring Festival.(3)The Great Pestis in Northeast China mainly spread along the railway and sea trunk lines,mainly by jumping across points,supplemented by neighboring infection.(4)More than 60,000 people died of the pestis in Northeast China,but the spatial difference of death is significant.The areas along the Harbin-Changchun-Shenyang railway were the hardest hit areas of pestis deaths.(5)The spread and death of the pestis in Northeast China were restricted by the factors of both nature and humanity.The cold climate environment,the population flow at the end of the year,the fast railway traffic,and the weak awareness of epidemic prevention were all important factors.The Great Pestis in Northeast China stimulated the progress of public health awareness and epidemic prevention and control mechanism.The results of this study have important reference value for the study of the world historical pestis pandemic and the impact of modern transportation on the spread of the epidemic.

关 键 词：东北大鼠疫 传播时空网络 传播节点 传播方式 死亡强度 死亡区域分异 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学] R181[医药卫生—临床医学]