政府需求引致创新:来自中国绿色采购政策的实证证据  

Government Demand-Induced Innovation:Empirical Evidences from China’s Green Public Procurement Policy

作　　者：邓可斌[1] 李嘉琪[1] DENG Ke-bin;LI Jia-qi(South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学经济与金融学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《当代财经》2024年第3期83-96,共14页Contemporary Finance and Economics

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金面上项目“基于人口集聚背景的我国区域金融脆弱性测度与防控研究”(2021A1515012006)。

摘　　要：以市场引导工业企业绿色转型是实现经济可持续发展的重要路径。基于中国绿色采购政策,采用多期双重差分方法检验政府需求在引导企业绿色创新中作用的结果表明,政府采购是环保产品市场重要的需求来源,绿色采购政策有力地推动了中国工业企业的绿色创新发展;在这一过程中,产品市场竞争增加和绿色研发风险降低是关键作用机制,需求拉动作用主要体现在对市场竞争和创新风险敏感的企业样本中。作为需求侧的环境政策,当政府购买力增强、绿色技术需求明确和最终需求距离越短时,绿色采购对绿色创新的引导作用越强。进一步研究表明,虽然绿色采购政策效果显著优于同类环境规制,能够推进产业整体的绿色化转型,但主要激励了环境技术的扩散而不是突破。上述结论揭示了政府绿色采购对企业绿色创新的激励效果及作用途径,表明政府需求对市场需求的带动作用是绿色采购成为刺激创新有力工具的重要原因。The market-guided green transformation of industrial enterprises is considered a crucial approach to achieving sustainable economic development.Based on China’s green public procurement policy,this paper examines the role of government demands in guiding the green innovations of enterprises by using a multi-period double-difference approach.The result reveals that the government public procurement is the important source of demands in the environment protection products markets,and that the green procurement policy has effectively stimulated the development of green innovations in Chinese industrial enterprises.In this process,the increase in product market competition and the reduction of green R&D risks are the key mechanisms,and the demand pull effect is mainly reflected in the sample of enterprises sensitive to market competition and innovation risks.As an environmental policy focused on demand,the stronger the government’s purchasing power,the clearer the demand for green technology,and the shorter the distance to the final demand,the stronger the guiding role of the green procurement in green innovations.Further study reveals that although the effectiveness of the green procurement policies is significantly better than the similar environmental regulations,which can promote the overall green transformation of the industry,it mainly stimulates the diffusion of environmental technologies rather than breakthroughs.The above findings reveal the incentivizing role and the pathway of government green public procurement on corporate green innovations,indicating that the driving effect of government demand on market demand is an important reason why green procurement has become a powerful tool to stimulate innovations.

关 键 词：绿色创新 政府需求 绿色采购 产业绿色化 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学] F273.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X322