莫高窟第427窟宋代窟檐调查研究  

Investigation and Research on the Song Dynasty Cave Eave in Cave 427 of Mogao Grottoes

作　　者：裴强强[1,2] 冯腾飞 陈嘉睿 孟祥武 Pei Qiangqiang;Feng Tengfei;Chen Jiarui

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院 [2]兰州理工大学设计艺术学院

出　　处：《四川文物》2024年第1期91-102,共12页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“平顶窟顶板岩体加固技术研发”(项目编号:2019YFC520604)。

摘　　要：莫高窟第427窟窟檐是自唐代196窟窟檐之后的最重要宋代实物遗存,是窟檐建筑保存最为完整、结构最复杂、建筑内彩画完好保存的经典之作,是宋代窟檐建筑营造制度、平面布局、外部形制、结构特征、装饰等研究的重要佐证。通过现场测绘、三维激光扫描、摄影等手段,进一步校核了不同时期的测绘数据,查明了不同构件的修缮痕迹,为深入研究敦煌石窟宋代窟檐营造制度提供了科学依据。莫高窟第427窟窟檐建筑形制和结构构件延续了敦煌石窟唐代窟檐的特征,是唐代窟檐向宋代窟檐过渡的典型之作,也有构件增减和结构特征改变,更加符合宋代营造制度特征。The cave eave structure is an important part of grotto temple.The existing 1 Tang Dynasty cave eave and 4 Song Dynasty cave eaves in Mogao Grottoes represent the brilliant achievements of cave eave structure in grottoes.Besides the Tang Dynasty eave in Cave 197,the Song Dynasty eave of Cave 427 is the most complete and complex one with the best preserved decoration painting in Dunhuang Grottoes.As the most important physical remain,it's of great significance for the research on the construction system,plane layout,external shape,structural characteristics and decoration of cave eaves in the Song Dynasty.This paper further verifies the surveying and mapping data of the cave eave in Cave 427 in different historical periods and identifies the repair traces of different components.The relation between the size of the timber structure and the origin of important components has made it clear that its shape and structural components inherited the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty cave eaves in the Dunhuang Grottoes,and retained the original shape.The cave eave in Cave 427 demonstrates a typical transition from the Tang Dynasty cave eaves to the Song Dynasty cave eaves,and serves as a connecting link between the preceding and the following.As one of the most complete cave eave structures in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang,not only did it inherit the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty cave eaves,but also reflect adjustment of components and change of structural features,which conformed with the characteristics of the Song Dynasty's construction system,therefore provides a reliable basis for the study of the form,construction system,structural relation and characteristics of cave eaves in grotto temples,and is of profound significance for the study of the Song Dynasty cave eaves in Mogao Grottoes.

关 键 词：莫高窟 第427窟窟檐 结构特征 测绘数据 修缮痕迹 

分 类 号：K879.21[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K244[历史地理—历史学]