内蒙古自治区1950-2021年人间鼠疫流行病学特征分析  

An analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of human plague in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,1950-2021

作　　者：张喆 李建云 刘芳 刘洋 张娇 ZHANG Zhe;LI Jian-yun;LIU Fang;LIU Yang;ZHANG Jiao(School of Public Health,Baotou Medical College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014000,China;Department of Plague Prevention and Control,Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古包头014000 [2]内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心鼠疫预防控制所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2024年第1期69-73,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：内蒙古自治区重大专项(2021ZD0006);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC1200200)。

摘　　要：目的了解内蒙古自治区(内蒙古)人间鼠疫概况,掌握疫情动态和趋势,为鼠疫防治提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对1950-2021年内蒙古人间鼠疫病例数据进行分析,计数资料比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果1950-2021年内蒙古共报告人间鼠疫病例271例,死亡130例,病死率47.97%。主要分布在通辽、赤峰、兴安盟、锡林郭勒、鄂尔多斯、巴彦淖尔、乌兰察布和包头8个盟(市)的26个旗(县、区)88个疫点。病例主要分布在7-8月,7和8月均发生20起疫情。达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫自然疫源地与长爪沙鼠鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫病例的病死率分别为51.84%和32.00%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.571,P=0.059)。结论内蒙古人间鼠疫传播范围广,病死率高,且以达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地和长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地为主。内蒙古鼠疫防控工作应加强创新研究、监测预警,及时处置与控制动物间鼠疫,避免波及人间。Objective To investigate the general situation of human plague in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Inner Mongolia)and to grasp the dynamics and trend of the epidemic,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of the plague.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was applied for the analysis of the data of human plague cases in Inner Mongolia from 1950 to 2021.Chi-square test was used for comparison of counting data.Results From 1950 to 2021,271 cases of plague were reported in Inner Mongolia,with 130 deaths(case fatality rate:47.97%).The cases were mainly distributed in 88 epidemic foci in 26 banners(counties and districts)of 8 leagues(cities),i.e.,Tongliao,Chifeng,Xing’an League,Xilin Gol League,Ordos,Bayannur,Ulanqab,and Baotou.The plague peaked from July to August,during which 20 outbreaks were observed.The case fatality rates of plague in the natural plague foci of Spermophilus dauricus and Meriones unguiculatus were 51.84%and 32.00%,respectively,with no significant differences between the two(χ^(2)=3.571,P=0.059).Conclusion Human plague in Inner Mongolia has a wide range of transmission and a high case fatality rate,mainly occures in the S.dauricus plague foci and M.unguiculatus plague foci.In the prevention and control of plague in Inner Mongolia,should strengthen innovative research,monitoring and early warning,and timely disposal and control of animal plague to avoid human infection.

关 键 词：人间鼠疫 鼠疫自然疫源地 内蒙古 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]