浙江省宁波市小型兽类感染病原体调查  

An investigation of pathogen infections in small mammals in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,China

作　　者：马敏 何昕 李梦颖 杨思嘉[1] 马晓[1] MA Min;HE Xin;LI Meng-ying;YANG Si-jia;MA Xiao(Department of Disinfection&Vector Control and Prevention,Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市疾病预防控制中心消毒与媒介生物防制所,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2024年第1期104-108,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的 了解浙江省宁波市小型兽类(小兽)感染常见病原体的情况,为鼠传疾病防制提供依据。方法 2020-2022年在宁波市镇海区、宁海县、慈溪市和余姚市用笼夜法捕获小兽,经分类鉴定后采集其肝、脾、肺、肾等组织,应用实时荧光定量PCR(qRCR)或反转录实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测汉坦病毒、大别班达病毒(原称发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒)、钩端螺旋体(钩体)和恙虫病东方体等4种病原体。χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法比较不同种类、性别、生境、县(区、市)及年份的小兽病原体阳性率差异。结果 共捕获小兽668只,其中褐家鼠(24.70%)和北社鼠(23.65%)为优势种。捕获的小兽病原体总阳性率为9.43%,其中汉坦病毒(均为汉城型)和钩体阳性率分别为2.84%和6.89%,存在2种病原体复合感染现象,复合感染率为0.30%;未检出大别班达病毒和恙虫病东方体。不同种类、不同生境间的小兽病原体总阳性率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001);不同性别、不同年份和不同县(区、市)的病原体总阳性率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。不同小兽种类中,汉坦病毒阳性率最高的是小家鼠和褐家鼠,分别为10.00%和8.48%;钩体阳性率最高的是黄毛鼠,为15.38%。不同生境中,重点行业小兽的汉坦病毒阳性率最高(10.84%);城镇居民区小兽的钩体阳性率最高(11.76%)。不同县(区、市)中,慈溪市小兽汉坦病毒阳性率最高,达9.90%;余姚市和宁海县小兽钩体阳性率较高,分别为10.00%和9.12%。结论 宁波市小兽存在汉坦病毒和钩体等病原体感染,对当地人群健康构成潜在威胁,应采取针对性防控措施,降低人群感染风险。Objective To investigate common pathogen infections in small mammals in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,China,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases.Methods From 2020 to 2022,small mammals were captured using the night cage-trapping method in Zhenhai District,Ninghai County,Cixi and Yuyao cities of Ningbo.The small mammals were identified by morphological method,and their livers,spleens,lungs,and kidneys samples were collected.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qPCR)or reverse transcription-qPCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect four pathogens:Hantavirus,Dabie bandavirus(i.e.,Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus),Leptospira,and Orientia tsutsugamushi.The differences in pathogen positive rates in the small mammals between different species,sexes,habitats,districts(counties,cities),and years were compared using theχ^(2) test or Fisher’s exact test.Results A total of 668 small mammals were captured,of which Rattus norvegicus(24.70%)and Niviventer confucianus(23.65%)were dominant species.The overall positive rate of the four pathogens in the small mammals was 9.43%,of which Hantavirus(all Seoul virus)and Leptospira accounted for 2.84%and 6.89%,respectively.Coinfections with two viruses were found,with a coinfection rate of 0.30%.Neither Dabie bandavirus nor O.tsutsugamushi was detected.There were significant differences in the overall positive rate of pathogens in the small mammals between different species and between different habitats(all P<0.001),but not between different sexes,different years,and different districts(counties,cities)(all P>0.05).Among various small mammal species,the positive rate of Hantavirus was the highest in Mus musculus and in R.norvegicus(10.00%and 8.48%,respectively);the positive rate of Leptospira was the highest in R.losea(15.38%).In different habitats,the positive rate of Hantavirus in small mammals was the highest in key industries(10.84%);the positive rate of Leptospira was the highest in urban residential areas(11.76%).In different dis

关 键 词：鼠传疾病 汉坦病毒 钩端螺旋体 大别班达病毒 恙虫病东方体 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]