江苏南部某镇有毒有害企业职业病危害现状调查  

Survey on occupational hazards of toxic enterprises and their occupational health work in a town in southern Jiangsu

作　　者：刘洋 王琼辉 沈欢喜[1] 宋仙平 朱宝立[3] LIU Yang;WANG Qionghui;SHEN Huanxi;SONG Xianping;ZHU Baoli(Kunshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215300,China;Planning and Construction Bureau of Jiangsu Kunshan Huaqiao Economic Development Zone,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215332,China;Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210028,China)

机构地区：[1]昆山市疾病预防控制中心,江苏苏州215300 [2]江苏昆山花桥经济开发区规划建设局,江苏苏州215332 [3]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210028

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2024年第1期49-52,57,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：江苏省医学重点学科(ZDXK202249);姑苏人才青年拔尖人才项目[(2022)140];苏州市卫生青年骨干人才“全国导师制”培训项目(Qngg2023052)。

摘　　要：目的 了解江苏南部某镇企业职业病危害因素分布及职业卫生管理情况,探索适合本地企业的职业病防治对策。方法 2020年9-10月,对江苏南部某镇正常运行且存在有毒有害因素的企业进行普查,收集企业基本信息、职业病危害因素种类及职业卫生管理情况等,使用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 本次调查有毒有害企业535家,工人总数20 552人,涉及职业病危害因素共3大类77种,接触职业病危害因素7 846人,接害率为38.18%(7 846/20 552)。分别从企业的规模、行业、经济类型和风险等级看,小型和微型企业、纺织服装服饰业和有色金属冶炼和压延加工业、有限责任公司、职业病危害风险等级为严重的企业员工的接害率较高(P <0.01)。接触物理有害因素的企业有503家(占94.02%),接害人数为7 097人(占90.45%);其中噪声是接触人数最多的物理有害因素,接噪工人有6 858人(占87.41%),接噪企业489家(占91.40%)。企业申报率、负责人及职业卫生管理人员培训率、劳动者培训率、职业病危害因素检测率、职业健康监护率均随着企业规模的减小而下降(P <0.05)。在微型企业中上述工作的完成率仅为1.70%、1.42%、5.46%、14.77%、10.51%。结论 噪声是该镇企业需要重点防控的职业病危害因素。该镇需加强对小微企业的职业卫生监督管理,落实企业职业病防治主体责任。Objective To understand the occupational hazards and the occupational health work conditions of enterprises in a town in southern Jiangsu and to explore suitable control measures for the prevention of occupational disease in local enterprises.Methods A general survey was conducted on the enterprises operating normally and reporting the existence of toxic and hazardous factors in a town in southern Jiangsu.The basic information of the enterprises,the types of occupational hazards,and the occupational health management situation were collected.SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis on the data.Results A total of 535 enterprises were investigated,with a total of 20552 workers,involving 77 kinds of occupational hazards factors in three categories.7846(38.18%)workers were exposed to occupational hazards,and the exposure rate was 38.18%(7846/20552).In terms of the enterprise scale,industry type,economic type,and risk level,the exposure rates of workers in small and micro enterprises,the textiles and apparel industry,the non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry,the limited liability companies,and the enterprises with severe occupational hazard risk levels were higher(P<0.01).A total of 503 enterprises were exposed to occupational physical hazards(accounting for 94.02%),and 7097 workers were exposed to these hazards(accounting for 90.45%).Noise was the most common physical hazard;there were 6858 noise-exposed workers(accounting for 87.41%)and 489 noise-exposed enterprises(accounting for 91.40%).The declaration rate of occupational hazards,the training rate of responsible persons and occupational health management personnel,the training rate of workers,the measurement rate of occupational hazards factors at workplaces,and the occupational health surveillance rate all decreased with the decrease in enterprise scale(P<0.05).The completion rates of the above works in micro enterprises were only 1.7%,1.42%,5.46%,14.77%,and 10.51%,respectively.Conclusions Noise was the most popular occupa

关 键 词：职业病危害 乡镇企业 小微企业 噪声 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R135[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]