寻找消失的遗产:基于多重证据的湮废园林复原研究方法  

Searching for the Lost Heritage:A Research Approach for Restoration of Perished Gardens Based on Multiple Evidence

作　　者：刘珊珊 黄晓[2] LIU Shanshan;HUANG Xiao(the School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture;the School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第3期74-80,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于多重证据法的湮废园林复原方法及其评价体系研究”(编号52008302);国家自然科学基金面上项目“互动演进视角下的明代私家园林与绘画研究”(编号52078039);北京建筑大学培育项目专项资金(编号X23043)。

摘　　要：【目的】湮废园林涉及历史上因各种原因消失的园林,以及现存园林经重大改变前的早期风貌。中国园林早期的历史风貌是中国风景园林遗产的重要组成部分,其复原研究是风景园林历史理论研究的核心领域。【方法】探索多重证据在湮废园林复原研究中的运用:首先将复原证据分为现场实存、遗址考古、诗文文献、绘画图像、口述证言、相关实存和造园理论7种类型,按性质可分为实物证据、文献证据和言辞证据,按关联性可分为直接证据和间接证据;进而逐一辨析7类证据的特点,结合实例分析它们在复原研究中的应用。【结果】指出湮废园林复原过程中应注意证据的可用性与可靠性,关注证据之间的相互印证和证据的持续更新。【结论】尝试建立一套依据可靠、过程可操作的研究方法,为湮废园林复原研究提供方法论的参考。[Objective]The legacy of gardens holds a distinct place within Chinese culture,representing a vital facet of Chinese artistic heritage.In contrast to other forms of art such as painting and sculpture,the exploration of Chinese gardens faces a significant challenge due to the limited survival of early gardens predating Qing Dynasty.Consequently,the restoration of these gardens constitutes the foundational and central domain of Chinese garden historiography.This research introduces the concept of“perished garden”comprising two distinct types:TypeⅠperished gardens,where all tangible elements have perished,leaving behind only remnants,related drawings and texts,and other artifacts.Examples include the Shining Mountain Residence in Eastern Jin Dynasty(东晋始宁山居),the Wangchuan Villa in Tang Dynasty(唐代辋川别业),the Dule Garden in Song Dynasty(宋代独乐园),and the Zhi Garden in Ming Dynasty(明代止园).TypeⅡperished gardens encompass those in which some or all of the physical elements still exist but have undergone extensive reconstruction,resulting in partial obliteration of the original landscape during specific periods.Notably,some elements may persist,albeit with alterations in style,exemplified by the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou(苏州拙政园),the Jichang Garden in Wuxi(无锡寄畅园),and the Xiequ Garden in Beijing(北京谐趣园).[Methods]This research outlines a comprehensive framework for restoration research focusing on perished gardens,and adopts a multifaceted approach rooted in various forms of evidence.Evidentiary sources can be categorized into physical evidence,documentary evidence,and verbal evidence,based on their forms.Additionally,evidence can be classified as direct or indirect,depending on its relevance to specific gardens.This taxonomy encompasses seven distinct categories of evidence:on-site physical evidence,site archaeology,poetic documents,pictorial representations,oral records,related physical artifacts,and gardening theories.While the first five

关 键 词：风景园林历史与理论 湮毁园林 多重证据 复原研究方法 遗产保护 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]