2021—2022年我国风疹流行病学及其病毒基因特征分析  

Epidemiology of rubella and its viral genetic characterization in China, 2021-2022

作　　者：钱程 刘莹 蔡建林 崔爱利[1] 李立群[2] 范丽霞[3] 刘李[4] 周淑洁[5] 陈瑛[6] 崔晓娴 毛乃颖[1] 张燕[1] 朱贞[1] Qian Cheng;Liu Ying;Cai Jianlin;Cui Aili;Li Liqun;Fan Lixia;Liu Li;Zhou Shujie;Chen Ying;Cui Xiaoxian;Mao Naiying;Zhang Yan;Zhu Zhen(National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases,WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650022,China;Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xining 810007,China;Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,China;Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230061,China;Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou 730030,China;Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)

机构地区：[1]传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室、国家卫生健康委医学病毒和病毒病重点实验室、WHO西太平洋地区麻疹/风疹参比实验室、中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,北京102206 [2]云南省疾病预防控制中心,昆明650022 [3]青海省疾病预防控制中心,西宁810007 [4]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041 [5]安徽省疾病预防控制中心,合肥230061 [6]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,兰州730030 [7]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2024年第1期49-57,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2305303,2022YFC2704904);甘肃省科研计划项目(GSWSKY2022-28)。

摘　　要：目的了解2021—2022年间风疹流行病学及其病毒基因特征, 为我国风疹防控提供基础科学数据。方法自中国疾病预防控制信息系统中的传染病监测模块和监测报告管理模块获取2021—2022年间全国风疹发病数据;从全国麻疹/风疹实验室网络获得阳性风疹病毒(rubella virus, RuV)分离株, 通过逆转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR)扩增并测定位于E1基因的两个核苷酸(nucleotide, nt)片段[F1-480(8 633~9 112 nt)和F2-633(8 945~9 577 nt)], 整理拼接后获得靶基因序列(E1-739), 将其与已报道的基因型/亚型参考株构建系统发育树以鉴定基因型别, 同时从GenBank数据库中下载我国2018—2020年间流行的RuV病毒株序列开展系统发育分析。结果 2021—2022年我国风疹发病率均为0.06/10万(2021年:840例;2022年:784例), 病例主要集中于西部和南部省份。病例年龄分布分析显示, 2021—2022年风疹发病主要以<5岁儿童为主(2021年:34.17%, 287/840;2022年:42.09%, 330/784), 其中以0~2岁患儿占比最高。进一步分析病例免疫史发现, 8~23月龄的病例中, 仅接种了1剂次含风疹成分的疫苗(rubella containing vaccine, RCV)幼儿的发病比例较高;2~14岁年龄组病例主要分布在接种了2剂次或以上RCV的儿童中;然而, >15岁病例主要集中在未接种RCV或免疫史不详的人群中。全国病毒学监测数据显示, 2021—2022年间从我国6个省市共获得22株RuV病毒分离株, 分属于1E-L2(11株)和2B-L2c(11株)基因亚型, 并与2018—2020年间流行的RuV病毒株具有很高的同源性。结论 2021—2022年间我国风疹发病维持在较低水平, 流行的RuV为1E-L2和2B-L2c基因亚型。Objective To understand the epidemiology of rubella and the genetic characteristics of the virus circulating during the period 2021-2022,providing basic scientific data for rubella prevention and control in China.Methods National rubella incidence data for the period 2021-2022 were obtained from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System module and the Surveillance Report Management module of the China′s Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Positive rubella virus(RuV)isolates were obtained from the National Measles/Rubella Laboratory Network.Two nucleotide(nt)fragments[F1-480(8633-9112 nt)and F2-633(8945-9577 nt)]located in the E1 gene were amplified and determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the target gene(E1-739)was obtained after collating and splicing.The sequences obtained in this study were used to construct a phylogenetic tree with the reported reference strains for genotype and lineage identification.Additionally,the phylogenetic analysis was performed to assess their genetic relatedness of RuV strains prevalent in China during 2018-2020 from GenBank database.Results In 2021-2022,the rubella incidence in China was 0.06/100,000(2021:840 cases;2022:784 cases),with cases primarily concentrated in the western and southern provinces.Age distribution analysis showed that rubella cases in 2021-2022 was mainly in children under 5 years of age(2021:34.17%,287/840;2022:42.09%,330/784),with the highest proportion in children aged 0-2 years.Further analysis of the immunization history of cases revealed that in the 8-23 months age group,a significant proportion of cases had received only one dose of rubella containing vaccine(RCV);cases in the 2-14 years age group were mainly among children who had received two or more doses of RCV;however,cases over 15 years of age were primarily found in individuals who had not received RCV or had unknown immunization history.National virological surveillance data showed that totally 22 RuV virus isolates were obtained,from 6 provin

关 键 词：风疹 流行病学 基因特征 

分 类 号：R511.2[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]