全基因组重测序解析重庆武隆中华蜜蜂遗传变异及种群分化特征  

Genetic variation and population differentiation analysis of Apis cerana cerana from Wulong,Chongqing based on whole genome re-sequencing

作　　者：任勤[1] 姬聪慧[1] 龙小飞 罗文华[1] 王瑞生[1] 陈恒 高丽娇[1] 曹兰[1] 刘佳霖[1] REN Qin;JI Conghui;LONG Xiaofei;LUO Wenhua;WANG Ruisheng;CHEN Heng;GAO Lijiao;CAO Lan;LIU Jialin(Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 402460,China;Wulong Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station,Chongqing 408500,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆402460 [2]重庆市武隆区畜牧技术推广站,重庆408500

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期254-266,共13页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：重庆市2023年财政专项资金项目(23516C-23、22539C-23);重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项(22524J);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2021jscx-gksbX0009);现代农业产业技术体系(蜜蜂)项目(CARS-44-SYZ12)。

摘　　要：【目的】解析重庆武隆中华蜜蜂的遗传变异及种群分化特征,为该地区传粉昆虫的遗传多样性研究提供理论参考。【方法】对重庆武隆中华蜜蜂进行全基因组重测序,并结合我国其他地区57群中华蜜蜂的重测序原始数据进行种群遗传分化分析。【结果】测序共获得武隆中华蜜蜂有效数据(clean data)33.53 Gb,发现高质量单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点共3886321个,小片段的插入与缺失(small indel)位点1392028个。在武隆中华蜜蜂样品中筛选出具有相同变异位点的非同义SNP突变基因589个,编码区发生small indel的基因214个。这些基因主要富集于赖氨酸降解、轴突导向、细胞外基质受体互作和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路。最终获得16个具有相同SNP和small indel的突变基因,其中包括嗅觉受体基因2个、细胞色素P450基因1个。武隆中华蜜蜂与我国其他地理型中华蜜蜂可能存在显著的遗传分化,与华中中蜂和北方中蜂(陕西安康)种群的亲缘关系较近。【结论】推测氨基酸代谢、神经系统发育、嗅觉进化、抗逆性能改善以及对温度偏好性的转变与武隆中华蜜蜂适应重庆本地自然环境有关。随意引种可能导致优质中华蜜蜂品种混杂,生产性能和抗逆性能下降。因此,需要保护本土优质中华蜜蜂种质资源。【Objective】Analyze the genetic variation and population differentiation of Apis cerana cerana from Wulong,Chongqing,China,providing theoretical reference for the study of genetic diversity of pollinators in this area.【Method】The genetic differentiations of A.cerana cerana populations from Wulong District of Chongqing were investigated by whole genome re-sequencing in combination with the re-sequencing data of 57 colonies of A.cerana cerana from other regions across China.【Result】A total of 3886321 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and 1392028 small insertion-deletion(small indel)were detected from the approximate 33.53 Gb clean data obtained by re-sequencing.And 589 genes with the same mutation site and non-synonymous SNPs,and 214 genes with small indel in the coding sequence(CDS)were screened,which were enriched in lysine degradation,axon guidance,extracellular matrix-receptor interaction,and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.Finally,16 mutant genes with the same SNPs and small indel were detected in Wulong A.cerana cerana population,including 2 olfactory receptor genes and 1 cytochrome P450 gene.There might be a significant genetic differentiation between A.cerana cerana from Wulong and other geographical populations except for close genetic relationships between A.cerana cerana from Wulong and central China,and northern China(Ankang City of Shaanxi Province).【Conclusion】The adaptation of Wulong A.cerana cerana population towards the natural environment in Chongqing was speculated to be the results of amino acid metabolism,nervous system development,olfactory evolution,stress resistance improvement,and variation in temperature preference.Random introduction of exotic population may contaminate the genetic resource of local population,leading to reducing production performance and stress resistance.Therefore,the protection of high-quality native A.cerana cerana population should be placed on the agenda.

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 全基因组重测序 遗传多样性 环境适应机制 亲缘关系 

分 类 号：S896.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]