未登记不动产抵押合同债权人的担保权利之争与应然立场——兼论《担保制度解释》第46条  

Controversy over the Security Rights of Creditors with Unregistered Mortgages on Immovable Property and The Contingency Position: Partial Discussion of Article 46 of The Interpretation of the Security Regime

作　　者：卢雄江 LU Xiong-jiang(School of Law,Hainan University,Haikou 570100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海口570100

出　　处：《山东青年政治学院学报》2024年第2期69-80,共12页Journal of Shandong Youth University of Political Science

摘　　要：《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉有关担保制度的解释》第46条整体采纳违约责任作为不动产抵押权未办理设立登记时债权人的救济路径。但违约责任的性质判定与本条第2款所蕴含的物上代位效力难以兼容,基于充分保护债权人的利益与提高物的效用的考量,宜承认债权人可基于有效抵押合同主张担保权利。此项担保权利与《中华人民共和国民法典》所规定的典型担保权类型均有所不同,应认定为仅具有债权性质的非典型担保权,债权人不享有优先受偿与对物的追及效力。其基本构造为在债务人到期不履行债务时,债权人可基于有效的担保合同,申请人民法院拍卖、变卖仍为抵押人所有的现存担保物,但是不具有优先受偿权。Article 46 of The Interpretation of the Security Regime adopts in its entirety the liability for default as the creditor's remedy in the absence of registration of the creation of a mortgage on immovable property.However,it is difficult to reconcile the determination of the nature of liability for breach of contract with the in rem subrogation effect implicit in paragraph 2 of this article,Based on the considerations of adequately protecting the interests of creditors and enhancing the utility of things,it is appropriate to recognize that creditors may claim a security right based on a valid mortgage contract.This security right is different from the typical types of security right provided for in The Civil Code and should be recognized as an atypical security right that is solely of a claim nature,with no priority and no in rem effectiveness for the creditor.Its basic structure is that,if the debtor fails to perform its obligations when due,the creditor may,on the basis of a valid security contract,apply to the people's court for the auction or sale of the existing collateral that is still owned by the mortgagor,but does not have a right of priority of payment.

关 键 词：担保权利 债权效力 《担保制度解释》第46条 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]