水击补气式压力罐及水力瞬变仿真  

Water hammer pneumatic pressure tank and hydraulic transient simulation

作　　者：杨开林[1] YANG Kailin(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水利学报》2024年第2期137-146,157,共11页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508403);国家自然科学基金项目(51979291,52009144)。

摘　　要：空气阀常常安装在输水管检修孔侧壁,进气后部分气体就会存留在检修孔上部产生气垫式压力罐的水击防护作用。据此,提出了水击补气式压力罐装置的设计方法,即利用泵站事故断电产生的水击负压现象,通过真空破坏阀或空气阀给压力罐补气,以防止输水管发生液体汽化现象并削减水击最大压力。然后,建立了水击补气式压力罐水力瞬变数值仿真数学模型。最后,以一个实际输水工程为例,计算比较了分别设置空气阀、空气阀调压室及真空破坏阀补气式压力罐时的水击防护效果,结果表明,补气式压力罐水击防护效果最好。Air valves are often installed on the side wall of the water supply pipe manhole,and some of the gas will remain in the upper part of the manhole after intake,creating the water hammer protection effect of the air cushion pressure tank.Based on this,a design method for a water hammer pneumatic pressure tank device is proposed,which utilizes the negative pressure phenomenon of water hammer generated by the power outage of the pump station accident to supplement the pressure tank with air through a vacuum breaking valve or air valve,so as to prevent liquid vaporization in the water pipeline and reduce the maximum pressure of water hammer.Then,a numerical simulation mathematical model was established for the hydraulic transients of the water hammer pneumatic pressure tanks.Finally,taking an actual water diversion project as an example,the water hammer protection effects of setting air valves,air valve regulating chambers,and vacuum breaking valve pneumatic pressure tanks respectively were calculated and compared.The results show that the vacuum breaking valve pneumatic pressure tanks has the best water hammer protection effects.

关 键 词：水击 空气阀 真空破坏阀 压力罐 补气 仿真 

分 类 号：TV136[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]