情绪在决策范式中的角色分析及运行机制  

Role Analysis and Operating Mechanism of Emotions in Decision-Making Paradigms

作　　者：吴瑶瑶[1,2] Wu Yaoyao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院 [2]河南财经政法大学素质教育中心

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期52-58,200,共8页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：决策论的研究都采用“理性人”假设作为前提,以理性主义作为理论基础。这种强调理性决策,忽视情绪的决策理论不能很好地解释和指导实际的决策过程。行为决策的三种研究范式中,标准化决策范式否认情绪对决策的影响,认为可测量的“偏好”能帮人们作出“效用”极大化的选择;描述性决策范式开始关注到情绪在决策中的作用,提出的后悔理论、失望理论以及主观预期愉悦理论详细描述了决策过程中的认知、思维及其心理过程的作用;进化论决策范式从生态理性出发,认为情绪、经验以及内隐认知在人类决策行为中起着极重要作用。情绪在决策过程中的运行机制有两种主流看法:一种认为情绪是作为决策过程的一种驱动机制;一种认为情绪是作为进化过程中的一种适应机制而作用于决策过程。这两种机制对于决策过程都是重要的,但不足以充分说明情绪作用于决策过程的复杂性和互动性。情绪作为一种功能状态,在与大脑、身体和环境的共同作用中,帮助我们综合运用认知、理性思维和情绪能力,通过生成性机制作用于决策过程。Research in decision theory typically employs the assumption of the rational actor as a premise, with rationalism as its theoretical foundation. This emphasis on rational decision-making, while neglecting the role of emotions, fails to adequately explain and guide actual decision-making processes. Among the three research paradigms in behavioral decision-making, the normative decision-making paradigm negates the influence of emotions on decisions, asserting that measurable preferences can help individuals make choices that maximize utility;the descriptive decision-making paradigm begins to focus on the role of emotions in decision-making, with theories such as regret theory, disappointment theory, and subjective expected utility theory elaborating on the role of cognition, thinking, and psychological processes in the decision-making process;the evolutionary decision-making paradigm, starting from ecological rationality, argues that emotions, experiences, and implicit cognition play a crucial role in human decision-making behavior. There are two mainstream views on the operating mechanism of emotions in the decision-making process: one views emotions as a driving mechanism of the decision-making process, while the other sees emotions as an adaptive mechanism in the evolutionary process that influences the decision-making process. Both of these mechanisms are important for the decision-making process, but they are not sufficient to fully explain the complexity and interactivity of emotions in decision-making. Emotions, as a functional state, help to integrate cognitive, rational thinking, and emotional abilities through generative mechanisms in decision-making processes, within the collective influence of the brain, body, and environment.

关 键 词：决策论 情绪 理性 

分 类 号：B81-0[哲学宗教—逻辑学] B842.6