从句后置型假设句的语法特征与语用动因  

The Grammatical Features and Pragmatic Motivation of the Postpositive Hypothetical Sentence

作　　者：张雪平[1] ZHANG Xueping(Institute of Language Science and Language Planning/School of Literature,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院/语言科学与语言规划研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《中州大学学报》2024年第1期100-105,共6页Journal of Zhongzhou University

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金后期资助项目“现代汉语假设句研究”(21FYYB061);2020年度河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“现代汉语非典型假设句的结构和功能研究”(2020BYY001)。

摘　　要：现代汉语从句后置型假设句是一种主要用于言域的语用性特殊假设句式。因使用非常规语序而语义关系不明,便强制要求使用假设标记,同时排斥推论标记,形成“……,如果……的话”这样的典型结构形式。其语体分布和假设标记显示了其书面化倾向,具有追补说明作用的从句可为主句所言提供适宜性条件。这种特殊语序假设句能在汉语中使用开来,外受西文翻译的影响,内则因凸显强调主句内容及与前后文保持语义连贯的语用需要。语用表达需求是假设句语序变异的主要原因。The post clause hypothetical sentence in modern Chinese is a pragmatic special hypothetical sentence pattern that is mainly used for speech act domain.Due to unconventional word order and unclear semantic relationships,it is mandatory to use hypothesis markers while excluding inference markers,forming a typical structural form of“……,ruguo(如果)……dehua(的话)”.Its stylistic distribution and hypothesis markers indicate a tendency towards writing,and clauses with complementary explanatory functions can provide appropriate conditions for the main sentence.This special word order assumption sentence can be used in Chinese because of the influence of Western translation,but also because of the pragmatic need to emphasize the content of the main clause and to maintain semantic coherence with the preceding and following texts.The demand for pragmatic expression in discourse is the main reason for the variation of word order in hypothetical sentences.

关 键 词：从句后置型假设句 语用性 语法特征 语用动因 

分 类 号：H109[语言文字—汉语]