土壤熏蒸和微生物菌剂防控大棚甜瓜连作障碍的土壤生态效应  

Soil ecological effects of soil fumigation and microbial agents controlling continuous melon barrier in high tunnel

作　　者：金伟兴 罗宝杰 郭焕茹 岑汤校 张昊青 葛体达 吴降星 范雪莲 JIN Weixing;LUO Baojie;GUO Huanru;CEN Tangxiao;ZHANG Haoqing;GE Tida;WU Jiangxing;FAN Xuelian(Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Ninghai County,Ningbo 315699,China;Ningbo Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Ningbo 315000,China;State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products,Institute of Plant Virology,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁海县农业技术推广站,浙江宁波315699 [2]宁波市农业技术推广总站,浙江宁波315000 [3]宁波大学植物病毒学研究所,省部共建农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,农业部/浙江省植保生物技术重点实验室,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2024年第1期13-26,共14页Soils and Crops

基　　金：浙江省2021-2023年蔬菜产业技术项目《南方哈密瓜连作障碍治理技术示范》;宁波市2022-2023年蔬菜(瓜果、食用菌)产业技术项目《南方哈密瓜肥药减施增效及配套技术示范》;浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划(2022SNJF024).

摘　　要：连作障碍是限制甜瓜产业绿色可持续发展的重要因素。为明确土壤熏蒸和微生物菌剂缓解甜瓜连作障碍的效果及其土壤生态效应,优选防治大棚甜瓜连作障碍的措施,本研究比较了3种土壤熏蒸剂(棉隆、漂白粉、威百亩)和3种菌剂/菌肥(济元链复合微生物菌剂、硒霉菌复混肥料、聚谷氨酸复合微生物菌剂)施用对连作甜瓜产量、品质以及土壤pH、土壤电导率、养分含量、酶活性和微生物群落组成的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,威百亩熏蒸条件下甜瓜单株结果数和产量分别降低27.7%和30.9%;棉隆处理土壤电导率、有效磷、速效钾含量分别降低31.9%、67.2%和26.6%。土壤熏蒸对细菌群落多样性无显著影响,但显著增加了土壤真菌群落多样性以及未知真菌物种的相对丰度。在促进土壤中生防促生细菌(如:Rokubacteriales、Ktedonobacteria、Thermoleophilia和Microbispora)积累的同时,棉隆熏蒸也加剧了土壤病原真菌(如:Ciboria)的积累。相反,3种微生物菌剂/菌肥施用条件下,连作甜瓜的产量、中心糖和边糖含量分别增加35.7%、3.5%和8.8%,土壤全氮、全碳含量,碳、氮、磷循环相关酶活性及相关功能微生物(如:Dadabacteriales、Steroidobacter、Dongia和Arthrographis)相对丰度均显著增加。聚谷氨酸复合微生物菌剂对大棚甜瓜产量及品质的形成、土壤质量和微生物生态功能的提升效果最佳。Continuous cropping obstacle is an important factor limiting the sustainable development of melon(Cucumis sativus L.)production.In order to investigate the effects of soil fumigation and microbial agents on alleviating high tunnel continuous melon obstacles and the underlying mechanisms,and select the most effective approach to control continuous melon barrier,we studied the effects of three soil fumigants(mylonon,bleach powder and Weibaimu)and three bacterial agents/microbial fertilizers(Jiyuanlian compound microbial agent,selenium mold compound fertilizer and polyglutamic acid compound microbial agent)on yield and quality of continuous melon,soil pH,EC,nutrients contents,enzyme activities and microbial community composition.The results showed that,compared with conventional fertilization,fumigation with Weibaimu decreased the number of fruits per plant,and yield by 27.7%and 30.9%,respectively;fumigation with mylonon decreased soil EC,the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium by 31.9%、67.2%and 26.6%,respectively.Soil fumigation had no significant effect on the richness of bacterial commu-nities,whereas increased the diversity of soil fungal community and the relative abundance of unknown fungal taxa.Soil fumigation promoted the accumulation of biocontrol and growth-promoting bacteria(such as Rokubacteriales,Ktedonobacteria,Thermoleophilia,and Microbispora)in soil;however,fumigation with mylonon increased the accumulation of pathogenic fungi(such as Ciboria)in soil.On the contrary,the application of the three microbial agents/microbial fertilizers improved the yield,central and marginal sugar contents of continuous cropping melon by 35.7%,3.5%and 8.8%,respectively.These treatments also increased the contents of soil total nitrogen,total carbon,the activities of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycling-related enzymes and the relative abundance of functional microorganisms involved in soil C,N and P cycling(such as Dadabacteriales,Steroidobacter,Dongia,Arthrographis).The application of polygluta

关 键 词：棉隆 威百亩 微生物菌剂 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 微生物群落结构 大棚连作甜瓜 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]