有机物料还田对草甸土孔隙结构及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of organic material incorporation within soil layer on meadow soil pore structure and maize yield

作　　者：陆欣春[1] 韩晓增[1] 邱琛 陈旭[1] 严君[1] 张乃文 张志明[1] 甘佳伟 邹文秀[1] 刘洪刚 LU Xinchun;HAN Xiaozeng;QIU Chen;CHEN Xu;YAN Jun;ZHANG Naiwen;ZHANG Zhiming;GAN Jiawei;ZOU Wenxiu;LIU Honggang(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Gongzhuling Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Gongzhuling 136100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]公主岭农业技术推广总站,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2024年第1期52-65,共14页Soils and Crops

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA28070100)“财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-04);黑龙江省黑土耕地保护协同创新推广体系.

摘　　要：为了研究有机物料还田对草甸土孔隙结构及玉米产量的影响,优化草甸土耕作层结构、提高作物产量,2019年以吉林省公主岭市的草甸土为试验地,在玉米播种前设置了秸秆浅混还田(CT,0~15cm)、秸秆深混还田(STS,0~35cm)、秸秆和有机肥深混还田(STSM,0~35 cm)、无秸秆还田常规耕作(CK)4个处理。对玉米收获后的土壤进行取样分析,测定0~35 cm土层土壤物理性质和孔隙结构,并采用结构方程模式、Mantel test和随机森林方法分析土壤孔隙结构调控玉米产量的途径。结果表明,经CT、STS和STSM处理后的0~15 cm土层土壤容重与CK处理相比显著下降了5.2%~7.8%(P<0.05),而田间持水量和饱和导水率均呈现上升趋势,分别显著增加了7.8%~16.6%和77.5%~325%(P<0.05);STS和STSM处理进一步显著改变了>15~35 cm土层上述3个土壤物理性质。CT扫描结果显示,有机物料还田显著改善了相应土层土壤结构。与CK处理相比,CT、STS和STSM处理显著增加了0~15 cm土层>1000µm孔隙数量和孔隙度;与CT处理相比,STS和STSM处理>15~35 cm土层>1000µm孔隙数量和孔隙度分别显著增加了1.2倍~1.3倍和47.5%~58.9%(P<0.05)。有机物料还田增加了土壤孔隙的复杂性和连通性。与CK处理相比,CT、STS和STSM处理显著增加了0~15 cm土层的各向异性和分形维数,降低了欧拉数(P<0.05);STS和STSM处理显著改善了15~35 cm土层土壤孔隙结构。不同处理间玉米产量表现为STSM>STS>CT>CK。结构方程模型结果显示,0~15 cm土层土壤孔隙结构可以直接影响玉米产量或者通过影响容重和饱和导水率间接影响玉米产量,而15~35 cm土层土壤孔隙结构只能通过影响田间持水量间接影响玉米产量。0~35 cm土层土壤物理性质和孔隙结构能够解释玉米产量的81.9%,15~35 cm土层对玉米产量的贡献大于0~15 cm土层。有机物料深混还田通过改变0~35 cm土层草甸土物理性质和孔隙分布,增加孔隙结构的复杂性和连�In order to investigate the effects of organic materials returning on the pore structure of meadow soil and maize yield,a field experiment was conducted in 2019 in Gongzhuling City,Jilin Province.In this study,four treatments including straw incorpora-tion within 0-15 cm soil depth(CT)and 0-35 cm soil depth(STS),straw and organic manure incorporation within 0-35 cm soil depth(STSM)and conventional practice without organic material incorporation(CK)were selected for experimentation.Sampling and analysis were carried out after the maize harvest in 2019 to determine the soil physical properties and pore structure at the soil layer of 0-35 cm.The structural equation model,Mantel test,and random forest method were used to analyze the regulatory path-ways of soil pore structure to maize yield.The results showed that compared with the CK treatment,the soil bulk density at the 0-15 cm soil layer with CT,STS and STSM treatments significantly decreased by 5.2%-7.8%(P<0.05);whereas the field water holding capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity significantly increased by 7.8%-16.6%and 77.5%-325%(P<0.05),respec-tively.The STS and STSM treatments significantly improved the above three soil physical properties at the>15-35 cm soil layer.The CT scanning results showed that the return of organic matter significantly improved the soil pore distribution and structure in the corresponding soil layer.Compared with the CK treatment,the CT,STS and STSM treatments significantly increased the number of>1000µm pores and porosity at the 0-15 cm soil layer;compared with the CT treatment,the STS and STSM treatments significantly increased the number of>1000µm pores and porosity at the>15-35 cm soil layer by 1.2 to 1.3-fold and by 47.5%to 58.9%,re-spectively(P<0.05).Returning organic materials to the field increased the complexity and connectivity of soil pores.Compared with the CK treatment,the CT,STS and STSM treatments significantly increased the anisotropy and fractal dimension and decreased the Euler number at the 0-15 cm soil l

关 键 词：草甸土 饱和导水率 孔隙分布 各向异性 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]