《民法典》背景下误认抚养中的财产损害赔偿  

Compensation for Property Damage in the Case of Misidentified Upbringing under the Background of“the Civil Code”

作　　者：王浩然 WANG Haoran(Law School,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,江苏 南京 210093

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期84-93,共10页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：江苏省社科基金青年项目“法律关系视野下的数字遗产继承研究”(23FXC008);中国法学会民法学研究会青年学者研究项目(2023MFXH015)。

摘　　要：误认抚养纠纷的财产损害赔偿并非典型的婚姻家庭纠纷,亦非纯粹的抚养费用返还,其涉及诸多的价值衡量判断。既有纠纷解决路径均立足于偏差的法律概念,导致实践效果存在规制范围狭窄或缺乏妥当请求权基础的适用困境,该论断同样可见于中国相关裁判实务的累积。通过修正误认抚养纠纷的法律概念和规范内涵、考察抚养人被侵害的权利属性可以发现,抚养人的财产损失系经过亲子身份关系传递或触动所致,实际上源于亲子身份关系的侵害。因此抚养人被侵害的原权利为身份权,恰当的救济路径应为身份权保护的侵权法路径。《民法典》第112、第1001、第1045和第1182条共同构建起身份权侵权请求权体系,为抚养人的财产损害赔偿提供适宜的请求权基础,该体系兼具理论自洽性与实务可能性,能够为抚养人救济提供妥当的法结论。Property damage compensation in disputes over misidentified upbringing is not a typical marital and family dispute,nor is it purely a return of custody fees.It involves many value measurement judgments.The existing dispute resolution paths are all based on deviated legal concepts,leading to the dilemma of narrow regulatory scope or lack of appropriate basis for claims in practical effects.This statement can also be seen in the accumulation of relevant judicial practices in China.By correcting the legal concepts and normative connotations of mistaken custody disputes,and examining the nature of the rights infringed upon by the caregiver,it can be found that the property loss of the caregiver is caused by the transmission or violation of the parent-child identity relationship,and actually originates from the infringement of the parentchild identity relationship.Therefore,the original right of the caregiver that is infringed upon is the right to identity,and the appropriate remedy path should be the infringement law path protected by the right to identity.Articles 112,1001,1045 and 1182 of the Civil Code jointly construct a system of claims for infringement of identity rights,providing a suitable basis for the compensation of property damage to caregivers.This system combines theoretical consistency and practical possibilities,and can provide appropriate legal conclusions for the relief of caregivers.

关 键 词：误认抚养 财产损害赔偿 身份权 民法典 身份权侵权请求权 

分 类 号：DF558[政治法律—民商法学]