鸭绿江口湿地区域土地利用格局变化及其对生态环境质量的影响  

Change of Land Use Pattern and Its Influence on Ecological Environment Quality in Wetland Area of Yalu River Estuary

作　　者：姚有庆[1] 郭屹岩[1] 李富祥[2] 张春鹏[2] YAO You-qing;GUO Yi-yan;LI Fu-xiang;ZHANG Chun-peng(School of Agriculture,Liaodong University,Dandong 118003,China;School of Science,Liaodong University,Dandong 118003,China)

机构地区：[1]辽东学院农学院,辽宁丹东118003 [2]辽东学院理学院,辽宁丹东118003

出　　处：《辽东学院学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期233-241,共9页Journal of Eastern Liaoning University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKZ1126);辽东学院东北边境地区乡村振兴研究院重点课题(XCZX20230101)。

摘　　要：为探索鸭绿江口湿地区域土地利用格局特征及其对生态环境质量的影响,以2000—2020年的遥感数据为基础,通过土地利用动态度、土地利用程度综合指数和土地利用转移矩阵计算土地利用格局特征,并通过计算生态环境质量与生境质量水平,对土地利用变化对生态环境质量的影响进行评估。结果表明:各土地类型间存在相互转化的现象,且向建设用地与养殖水面转化显著,转入面积分别为56.54和35.80 km^(2),分别占转入总面积的50.85%和32.2%;土地开发利用强度上升,相较于2000年,2010和2020年的土地利用程度综合指数变化率分别为1.18%和3.95%;2000、2010和2020年的生态环境质量指数分别为0.4629、0.4557和0.4416;从2000年到2020年,低等级用地类型面积占比由12.15%上升至16.52%,高等级用地类型面积占比则由32.84%下降至29.32%。由此可见,鸭绿江口湿地生态退化趋势明显,建设用地和养殖水面用地面积的扩张是土地格局变化和生态环境质量下降的主要因素。In order to explore the characteristics of land use pattern and its impact on habitat quality in the Yalu River estuary wetland area,based on remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020,the characteristics of land use pattern were calculated by land use dynamic degree,land use degree comprehensive index and land use transfer matrix,and the impact of land use change on ecological environment quality was evaluated by measuring ecological environment quality and habitat quality level.The results showed that there were mutual conversions among different land types,and the conversions to construction land and aquaculture water surface were significant.The transferred construction land and aquaculture water surface areas were 56.54 km^(2) and 35.80 km^(2),accounting for 50.85%and 32.2%of the total transferred area,respectively.The intensity of land development and utilization increased.Compared with 2000,the change rates of the comprehensive index of land use degree in 2010 and 2020 were 1.18%and 3.95%,respectively.The ecological environment quality indexes in 2000,2010 and 2020 were 0.4629,0.4557 and 0.4416,respectively.From 2000 to 2020,the proportion of low-level land use types increased from 12.15%to 16.52%,and that of high-level land use types decreased from 32.84%to 29.32%.It can be seen that the ecological degradation trend of the Yalu River estuary wetland is obvious,and the expansion of construction land and aquaculture water surface land is the main factor of land pattern change and ecological environment quality decline.

关 键 词：鸭绿江口湿地 生态环境质量 土地利用变化 土地利用转移矩阵 InVEST模型 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] Q148[生物学—生态学]