行贿罪的处罚根据——兼议《刑法修正案(十二)》对行贿罪的修改  

Punishment Basis for the Crime of Offering Bribes:With Comments on Amendments XII made to the Crime of Offering Bribes under the Criminal Law

作　　者：张明楷[1] Zhang Mingkai

机构地区：[1]清华大学谭兆

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第2期3-17,共15页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“我国刑法修正的理论模型与制度实践研究”(16ZDA060)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：行贿罪与受贿罪同属贿赂罪,两罪的保护法益没有本质区别,但存在细微差异。法定刑的轻重并非仅由保护法益来决定,而是需要考虑诸多因素,受贿罪的法定刑应当重于行贿罪的法定刑。事实上,1997年刑法以及《刑法修正案(九)》修订后的刑法都对行贿罪规定了重于受贿罪的法定刑(最高刑除外),但《刑法修正案(九)》之前的司法解释遮蔽了此缺陷,而《刑法修正案(九)》之后的司法解释则彰显了此缺陷。刑事立法的缺陷需要司法解释克服,理想的刑事立法与理想的司法解释会形成良性循环。《刑法修正案(十二)》吸收了司法解释有关行贿罪从重处罚情节的部分规定,同时使行贿罪与受贿罪的前三档法定刑相同;司法解释应当以枉法及其程度为重心规定贿赂罪的法定刑升格条件,并且使受贿罪的处罚重于行贿罪。The Crime of offering bribes and the crime of taking bribes are both part of the crime of bribery.There is no essential difference in the legally protected interests of these two bribery crimes,but subtle differences can be found within.The severity of statutory punishment is not only determined by the legally protected interests,but also needs to consider many factors,based on which the statutory punishment of the crime of taking bribes should be heavier than that of the crime of offering bribes.In fact,both the Criminal Law of 1997 and Amendments(IX)made to the Criminal Law provide a heavier statutory punishment for the crime of offering bribes than the crime of taking bribes(except for the maximum punishment),however,the judicial interpretation issued before Amendments(IX)made to the Criminal Law covered this defect,while the judicial interpretation issued after Amendments(IX)made to the Criminal Law highlighted this defect.If there are any defect made by the criminal legislation,should it be fixed by judicial interpretation.Ideal criminal legislation and ideal judicial interpretation will form a virtuous circle.Amendments(XII)made to the Criminal Law adopted some provisions of the judicial interpretation regarding the heavier punishment circumstances for the crime of offering bribes,meanwhile,prescribed the first three categories of statutory punishment of the crime of offering bribes as the same as the crime of taking bribes.If there will be any judicial interpretation regarding the crime of bribery in the future,it should be centered on the degree of bending the law and stipulate circumstances for upgrading the statutory punishment of the crime of bribery,and make the punishment of the crime of taking bribes relatively heavier than that of the crime of offering bribes.

关 键 词：行贿罪 保护法益 处罚根据 《刑法修正案(十二)》 

分 类 号：D924.392[政治法律—刑法学]