民法典框架下监护人处分被监护人财产的规范构造  

Normative Structure of the Guardian's Disposition of the Ward's Property in the Framework of the Civil Code

作　　者：黄美玲[1] Huang Meiling

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第2期153-165,共13页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“我国民法评注编纂重大问题研究”(22&ZD205)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：监护人对被监护人财产的处分,是监护制度中监护人财产管理职责的核心问题。民法典第35条第1款第二句沿袭民法通则第18条第1款规定,但其规范构造和意义脉络必须在本土法律语境和被重构的监护法体系中加以解释。在民法典总则编建立的三层级监护模式下,法律赋予监护人对被监护人财产的替代处分权,肯定了替代决策和自主决策、协助决策模式互为补充,三者配合才能贯彻最有利于被监护人的监护原则。作为替代处分权限制条件的“为维护被监护人的利益”,宜在实质判断的基础上,经由判例形成类型化的形式判断基准。在民法典框架下,不当处分的效力应分别通过无权处分和代理权滥用制度加以说明。The disposal of property by the guardian towards the ward is the core issue in the guardianship system concerning the guardianship duties on property management.The second sentence of Article 35 paragraph 1 of the Civil Code follows the provision of Article 18 paragraph 1 of the General Principles of the Civil Law,however,its normative structure and contextual significance must be interpreted within the domestic legal context and a reconstructed guardianship law system.Under the three-tier guardianship model established in the Book of General Part of the Civil Code,the right of alternative disposition of ward's property by guardian is granted by law,affirming the complementary relationship between substitute decision-making,autonomous decision-making,and assistance decision-making modes.Only through the collaboration between these three modes can the principles of guardianship that are in the best interest of the ward be implemented.“For protecting the interests of the ward”,as a condition limiting the right of alternative disposal,should be substantively assessed,and typified criteria should be established through precedent to form a basis for formal judgments.Within the framework of the Civil Code,the effectiveness of improper disposals should be explained through the systems of unauthorized disposal and abuse of agency authority.

关 键 词：监护人之处分 最有利于被监护人原则 法定代理 为被监护人利益 交易安全 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]