协同治理下突发公共卫生事件的社区应急管理模式探析  

Research community emergency management mode of public health emergencies based on collaborative governance

作　　者：杨嘉敏 陈熙 李冬琼 肖瑶[1] YANG Jiamin;CHEN Xi;LI Dongqiong;XIAO Yao(School of Health Management,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 511436,China)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学卫生管理学院,广东广州511436

出　　处：《中国农村卫生事业管理》2024年第1期62-66,共5页Chinese Rural Health Service Administration

基　　金：广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划年度课题(2023GZQN73);广州医科大学学生创新能力提升计划项目(广医大发[2022]66号)。

摘　　要：我国突发公共卫生事件的应急管理多为从上到下的直线领导,虽有关于针对社区指导方针与政策,但多为针对性的具体措施,并且社区在应急管理中缺乏独立自主性,在灾害预警和突发公共卫生事件变化时无法立刻做出对策。传统的应急管理模式已难以满足应急需求。文章以广州市社区为例,分析超大型城市社区的应急管理现状与不足,在多元协同治理理论指导和国内外优秀经验的启发下,鼓励多元主体参与社区应急管理,探索性提出三种应急管理新模式即养老型社区和防灾型社区结合模式、“政府支持+社区引资+居民参与”投保新模式和地缘组织领导下脱敏应急预警新模式,并分析其可行性,为广州市乃至更多超大型城市的突发公共卫生事件的治理政策提供参考。The emergency management of public health emergencies in China is mostly in the mode of‘top-down'straight-line leadership.Although there are guidelines and policies for communities,most of them are targeted specific measures,and communities lack independence and autonomy in emergency management.There-fore,it is impossible to respond immediately when disaster warning and public health emergencies change.The traditional emergency management mode has been difficult to meet the needs of emergency response.Taking the communities of Guangzhou as an example,this paper analyzes the status quo and weaknesses of emergency man-agement in urban communities of megacities.Under the guidance of the theory of multiple collaborative governance and the inspiration of excellent experience at home and abroad,it encourages multiple subjects to participate in community emergency management,and explores three new modes of emergency management,namely,the combi-nation mode of old-age community and disaster prevention community,the new mode of'government support+community investment attraction+residents participation and the new mode of'desensitization'emergency warn-ing under the leadership of geo-organizations,and analyzes the feasibility to provide reference for the governance policies for public health emergencies in Guangzhou City and even more megacities.

关 键 词：社区应急管理 突发公共卫生事件 超大型城市 治理理论 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] D63[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]