增材制造316L熔覆层表面成形质量实验研究  

Experimental Research on Surface Shaping Quality of316L Cladding Layer by Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：陶林[1] 刘文博 温雪龙 郭思含 TAO Lin;LIU Wen-bo;WEN Xue-long;GUO Si-han(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Shenyang Institute of Technology,Liaoning Fushun 113122,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Northeastern University,Liaoning Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工学院机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁抚顺113122 [2]东北大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2024年第3期171-175,180,共6页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51505073);沈阳工学院智能制造项目(i5201702)。

摘　　要：增材制造是近些年来新兴的一种制造方法,具有绿色环保、节约材料、生产周期短等优点,激光熔覆技术是金属材料增材制造的主要方法。通过激光熔覆实验制备316L熔覆层,分析了熔覆层表面成形质量,探究了激光功率、送粉速率、扫描速度、搭接率、每层提升量、扫描路径对316L熔覆层表面形貌的影响,对实验结果进行分析得到:随着激光功率的增大,熔覆线宽度和熔深增大,熔覆线高度先增大后减小,稀释率先减小后增大;随着扫描速率的增大,熔覆线高度、宽度、熔深均减小,稀释率总体的变化趋势是增大;随着送粉速率的增大,熔深先增大后减小,熔覆线高度增大,宽度和稀释率减小;当横向搭接率为45%时,熔覆层表面较为平整;当z轴抬升量等于单层熔覆高度时,成形件高度最高且成形形貌好,无塌陷现象;采用往返扫描方式成形的试件两边高度形貌均匀且高度一致,没有明显坍塌现象。实验结果为激光熔覆316L的技术提供了数据支持和实验依据。Additive manufacturing is a new manufacturing method in recent years,which has the advantages of green environ-mental protection,material saving,production cycle saving,etc.Laser cladding technology is the main method of metal materi-als additive manufacturing.In this paper,316L cladding layer was prepared by laser cladding experiment,and the surface shap-ing quality of the cladding layer was analyzed.The influence of laser power,powder delivery rate,scanning speed,lap rate,amount of each layer and scanning path on the surface morphology of the 316L cladding layer was investigated.With the in-crease of scanning rate,the height,width and depth of cladding line decrease,and the overall trend of dilution rate increases.With the increase of powder delivery rate,the depth of fusion increases first and then decreases,the height of cladding line in-creases,and the width and dilution rate decrease.When the transverse overlap rate is 45%,the surface of the cladding layer is rel-atively flat.When the lifting amount of z-axis is equal to the height of single layer cladding,the height of specimens is the high-est and the forming morphology is good,without collapse phenomenon.The two sides of the specimens formed by round-trip scan-ning method have uniform and consistent height topography and no obvious collapse phenomenon.The experimental results pro-vide data support and experimental basis for laser cladding technology of 316L.

关 键 词：增材制造 工艺参数 搭接率 扫描路径 表面成形质量 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH161