秸秆覆盖还田保护性耕作对黄土旱塬土壤磷素组分的影响  

Effects of conservation tillage with straw mulching on soil phosphorus components in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：李千雪 李春越 张文婷 窦祥祥 薛英龙 寇钊阳 王益[2] 党廷辉[3] LI Qianxue;LI Chunyue;ZHANG Wenting;DOU Xiangxiang;XUE Yinglong;KOU Zhaoyang;WANG Yi;DANG Tinghui(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China;Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所,西安710061 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第2期368-377,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：陕西省科技重点项目(2022NY-074);国家自然科学基金项目(41501255);西安市科技农业攻关项目(21NYYF0033);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(SYJS202224)。

摘　　要：为探究秸秆覆盖保护性耕作对黄土旱塬土壤磷素组分及碱性磷酸酶pho D基因的影响,本研究以陕西省咸阳市长武县境内的中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站为研究平台,设置无秸秆覆盖(CK)、每年7、8、9月高量秸秆覆盖(St_(90))、全生育期低量秸秆覆盖(S_(45))、全生育期高量秸秆覆盖(S_(90))4个处理,探讨不同秸秆覆盖模式下0~20 cm表层土壤基本理化性质、土壤磷素、有机磷组分、无机磷组分、碱性磷酸酶pho D基因拷贝数量特征及其影响机理。结果表明:相同覆盖时间下,全磷(TP)、速效磷(AP)、无机磷、Ca_(2)-P、中等活性有机磷(MLOP)含量均随着秸秆覆盖量的增加而显著增加;Ca_(10)-P是主要的无机磷组分,占比66.03%~72.34%,MLOP是主要的有机磷组分,占比70.70%~78.23%;秸秆覆盖使无机磷中的有效磷源Ca_(2)-P在无机磷中所占的比例显著增加,其他组分占比以及有机磷各组分占比并无显著变化。播种前后的短期覆盖相比于全年长期覆盖更有利于微生物的代谢,从而加快土壤有机磷的合成。不同秸秆覆盖处理土壤无机磷含量为985.33~1043.33 mg·kg^(-1),显著大于有机磷。冗余分析表明,土壤pH、全碳(TC)、有机碳(SOC)、含水率(SWC)与MLOP含量呈负相关关系,与高稳性有机磷(HSOP)呈正相关关系,Ca_(2)-P与SWC、SOC、pH、TP呈正相关关系,Ca_(10)-P与pH、NH_(4)^(+)-N呈正相关关系。秸秆覆盖可以提高碱性磷酸酶pho D基因拷贝数,但全生育期覆盖与高量秸秆覆盖的叠加作用,对碱性磷酸酶pho D基因有抑制作用。研究表明,秸秆覆盖可显著改变有机磷各组分含量,全生育期高量秸秆覆盖显著增加无机磷有效组分Ca_(2)-P含量,土壤有机磷与无机磷组分含量变化受土壤TC和pH的影响最大。To explore the impact of straw mulching conservation tillage on the soil phosphorus composition and alkaline phosphatase phoD gene in the Loess Plateau,this study used the research platform of the Changwu Loess Plateau Agricultural Ecological Experiment Station,President of Chinese Sciences in Changwu County,Xianyang City,Shaanxi Province.Four treatments were set up:uncovered(CK),high straw coverage(St_(90))every July,August,and September,low straw coverage(S45)throughout the growth period,and high straw coverage(S_(90))throughout the growth period.The basic physical and chemical properties,the soil phosphorus,total organic phosphorus components,total inorganic phosphorus components,and number of copies of alkaline phosphatase phoD genes,and their impact mechanisms in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer under different straw mulching modes were studied.The results showed that,with the same coverage time,the contents of total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),inorganic phosphorus,Ca_(2)-P,and moderately labile organic phosphorus(MLOP)increased significantly with the increase in the coverage amount;Ca_(10)-P was the main inorganic phosphorus component,accounting for 66.03%-72.34%,while MLOP was the main organic phosphorus component,accounting for 70.70%-78.23%.Straw mulching significantly increased the proportion of effective phosphorus source Ca_(2)-P in inorganic phosphorus,while there was no significant change in the proportion of the other components in inorganic phosphorus and the proportion of organic phosphorus components.Short-term mulching before and after sowing was more beneficial to microbial metabolism than long-term mulching throughout the year,thereby accelerating the synthesis of soil organic phosphorus.The inorganic phosphorus content of soil under different straw mulching treatments ranged from 985.33 mg·kg^(-1) to 1043.33 mg·kg^(-1),which was significantly higher than that of organic phosphorus.Redundancy analysis showed that the soil pH,total carbon(TC),soil organic carbon(SOC),and soil water cont

关 键 词：黄土旱塬 农田生态系统 秸秆覆盖 磷素组分 磷酸酶基因 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S153.6[农业科学—农艺学]