城市空气质量的经济价值评估——基于土地市场的视角  

Economic Value Evaluation of Urban Air Quality from the Perspective of Land Market

作　　者：梁昌一 刘修岩[2] LIANG Chang-yi;LIU Xiu-yan(School of Business,Anhui University of Technology,Ma’anshan 243032,Anhui;School of Economics and Management/Research Institute of National Development and Policy,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学商学院,安徽马鞍山243032 [2]东南大学经济管理学院/国家发展与政策研究院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期41-51,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国经济转型中城镇体系规模分布的形成机制与经济影响研究”(18AJL011)。

摘　　要：结合微观土地交易和城市PM2.5地表年均浓度等数据,研究空气污染对土地价格的影响及传导机制,并通过“两步法”评估中国城市空气质量的经济价值。基准结果显示,城市空气质量改善显著提高了土地价格,并估计出中国城市空气质量的经济价值约为27.369元/m2。通过剔除冬季集中供暖地区样本、改变模型设定形式,以及将核心解释变量滞后一期、两期处理后,基准回归的结论依然稳健。采用城市的空气流通系数和逆温天数作为空气污染的工具变量,内生性处理结果表明空气污染与城市中心地价之间存在负向的因果关系,进一步支持了基准结论。考虑到所处区域和城市层级等方面存在的差异,研究发现中国城市清洁空气的经济价值呈现出异质性。具体而言,东部地区城市空气质量的经济价值明显高于中西部地区,不同层级城市空气质量的经济价值也存在一定的梯度,其中一线城市最高,四线城市最低。机制检验结果表明,城市人口规模是土地价格反映空气质量经济价值的关键渠道。Using the micro land transactions and urban PM2.5 surface average annual concentration data,the present paper investigates the impact and transmission mechanism of air pollution on land prices,and evalu-ates the economic value of China’s urban air quality through the“two-step method”.The benchmark results show that the improvement of urban air quality has significantly increased land prices and the estimated eco-nomic value of urban air quality is approximately 27.369 yuan/m2.The conclusion of the benchmark regres-sion remains stable even after excluding samples of regions with concentrated winter heating,altering model specifications,and analyzing the core explanatory variables with one or two-period lags.With the air ventila-tion coefficient and temperature inversion days as instrumental variables for air pollution,endogeneity treat-ment results indicate a negative causal relationship between air pollution and urban center land prices,further supporting the benchmark conclusion.Given the regional and urban-tier differences,the research finds that the economic value of clean air in China’s cities is heterogeneous.Specifically,it is significantly higher in the eastern region than in the central and western regions,and it has a gradient among cities of different tiers,with first-tier cities having the highest value and fourth-tier cities having the lowest.Mechanism testing shows that urban population size is a key channel for land prices to reflect such a value.

关 键 词：城市 微观地块 土地交易价格 空气质量 经济价值 

分 类 号：F290[经济管理—国民经济]