自然崩落法矿山矿岩赋存特征精细调查与辅助致裂崩落效果研究  

Study on Detailed Investigation of Rockmass Occurrence Characteristics and Caving Effect With Assisted Fracturing in a Block Caving Mine

作　　者：李文 刘育明[1,2] 夏长念 王鑫[3] 吴岩 彭华 陈小伟 杨成虎[3] 王泽泽[3] LI Wen;LIU Yuming;XIA Changnian;WANG Xin;WU Yan;PENG Hua;CHEN Xiaowei;YANG Chenghu;WANG Zeze

机构地区：[1]中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京100038 [2]深部金属矿采动地压灾害防控国家矿山安全监察局重点实验室,北京100038 [3]山西北方铜业有限公司铜矿峪矿,山西运城043700 [4]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国矿山工程》2024年第1期15-24,共10页China Mine Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907201)。

摘　　要：自然崩落法采矿技术对矿岩赋存特征要求严苛,矿岩崩落特性直接影响自然崩落法矿山矿岩崩落速率及出矿块度。通过人工辅助致裂增加矿岩体内部裂隙发育程度实现矿岩预处理,是当前国外自然崩落法矿山生产过程的重要技术手段。本文以我国首座自然崩落法矿山铜矿峪矿向深部转移首采区开采工程为背景,开展了矿岩赋存特征精细调查与水压致裂矿岩预处理试验研究。结果表明:铜矿峪矿410 m中段5号矿体首采区矿岩坚硬、中等完整~较完整,岩体质量等级为Ⅱ~Ⅲ类,矿岩中等可崩~难崩,矿岩崩落破碎特性为中等破碎~大块较多;岩体赋存特征精细调查对于深入了解矿岩崩落特性意义重大;通过钻孔摄像技术获取了水压致裂矿岩预处理试验前后钻孔孔壁图像并揭示了水压致裂过程产生的新裂隙,有效改善了矿岩结构面发育程度;通过对崩落顶板监测及出矿口块度统计分析显示首采区生产期崩落速率提高了3倍多、出矿口大块率降低了58.3%,为铜矿峪矿转深部开采过渡期产能平稳衔接提供了坚实保障;初步形成了水压致裂矿岩预处理技术及装备体系,可支撑我国现代自然崩落法采矿技术进一步推广应用。Mining with block caving is extremely severity for rockmass occurrence characteristics,and rockmass caveability directly affects caving rate and secondary fragmentation of block caving mines.It is a vital technology to realize ore and rock pre-conditioning by increasing internal fractures with artificial auxiliary fracturing,which is currently a routine production process of block caving mines abroad.Based on Tongkuangyu mining project of the first block caving mine in China transferring to the deep,a detailed investigation of rockmass occurrence characteristics and a field test on rockmass pre-conditioning by hydraulic fracturing were carried out.The results show that rockmass at the start caving area of No.5 orebody in Level 410m of Tongkuangyu mine is hard rock with medium to less integrity,rockmass quality classification is II to III and rockmass caveability is moderately to hard,which would result in caving mining with medium broken and more bulk.Detailed investigation of rockmass occurrence characteristics is the basis for in-depth understanding of rockmass caveability.Borehole wall images before and after preconditioning tests by hydraulic fracturing were obtained and newly generated hydraulic fractures were observed,which could effectively improve the degree of rockmass structure development.Based on analysis of caving front monitoring and drawpoint fragmentation distribution,a more than 3 times increase in caving rate and a 58.3%reduction in secondary fragmentation were achieved in production period of the start caving area,which provide a solid support for steady convergence of production capacity in transition period of mine to the deep.The technology of rockmass pre-conditioning by hydraulic fracturing and related equipment system were initially formed which could support a further development of modern block caving mining in China.

关 键 词：自然崩落采矿法 矿岩预处理 水压致裂法 地应力测试 出矿块度 崩落速率 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]