贵州石漠化地区生物结皮对土壤氮矿化的影响  

Effects of Biocrusts on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization in the Rocky Desertification Area of Guizhou

作　　者：赵鑫 陈栋 郭冠廷 吴娇娇 张远东 龙林梅 龙明忠 李晓娜 ZHAO Xin;CHEN Dong;GUO Guanting;WU Jiaojiao;ZHANG Yuandong;LONG Linmei;LONG Mingzhong;LI Xiaona(School of Karst Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China;State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control,Guiyang 550001,China;School of Biology and Chemistry,Minzu Normal University of Xingyi,Xingyi 562400,China;College of Eco‐Environmental Engineering,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001 [3]兴义民族师范学院生物与化学学院,贵州兴义562400 [4]贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第2期75-84,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260313,31960262);贵州省基础研究计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般147,黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般427);兴义民族师范学院山地学科建设项目(XKJS202338)。

摘　　要：为探究贵州石漠化地区生物土壤结皮对土壤氮矿化的影响,以贵州关岭-贞丰花江石漠化综合治理示范区为研究区,通过野外原位埋管培养试验研究花椒林地内苔藓结皮、藻-藓混生结皮和裸地(无结皮)3种不同类型土壤无机氮库与氮矿化速率的季节动态特征。结果表明,3种类型土壤的铵态氮含量均表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,且苔藓结皮在秋、春和夏季铵态氮含量均显著高于混生结皮和裸地,分别为混生结皮的1.64、1.69、1.94倍,分别为裸地的3.36、3.43、4.83倍;混生和苔藓结皮硝态氮含量的最高值均出现在夏季,且苔藓结皮硝态氮含量在冬、春和夏季显著高于裸地,分别为裸地的3.57、4.04、4.81倍;无机氮含量在不同类型土壤同一季节中及同一类型土壤不同季节中的变化规律与硝态氮含量变化趋势相似。3种类型土壤的净氨化速率、净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率均表现为冬季最低。苔藓结皮夏季净氨化速率显著高于其他2种类型土壤,分别为混生结皮和裸地的1.90、6.08倍;春、夏两季净硝化速率均显著高于裸地,分别为裸地的4.09、3.18倍;净氮矿化速率则在春季和夏季显著高于混生结皮和裸地。土壤温度和湿度分别是秋冬季和春夏季土壤氮矿化的主要影响因素。综上,喀斯特石漠化地区生物结皮的形成和发育可以有效地促进氮矿化过程,是影响该区域氮循环的重要生物因素之一。To explore the impact of biological soil crust on soil nitrogen mineralization in rocky desertification areas of Guizhou,the Guanling‐Zhenfeng Huajiang Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Control Demonstration Area in Guizhou Province was selected as the study area.The seasonal dynamic characteristics of soil inorganic nitrogen pool and nitrogen mineralization rate of three different types of biocrusts in Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest,including moss crust,algae‐moss mixed crust,and bare soil(without crust),were studied through field in situ buried tube cultivation experiments.The results showed that the ammonium nitrogen content of the three types of soils showed a trend of summer>spring>autumn>winter,and the ammonium nitrogen content of moss crust was significantly higher than that of mixed crust and bare soil in autumn,spring,and summer,which were 1.64,1.69,and 1.94 times higher than mixed crust and 3.36,3.43,and 4.83 times higher than bare soil,respectively;The highest values of nitrate nitrogen content in mixed crust and moss crust both occurred in summer,and the nitrate nitrogen content in moss crust was significantly higher than that in bare soil in winter,spring,and summer,which were 3.57,4.04,and 4.81 times higher than that in bare soil,respectively;The variation trend of inorganic nitrogen content in different types of soils in the same season and in different seasons of the same type of soil was similar to that of nitrate nitrogen content.The net ammonification rate,net nitrification rate,and net nitrogen mineralization rate of the three types of soils were all the lowest in winter.The net ammonification rate of moss crust in summer was significantly higher than the other two types of soils,which were 1.90 and 6.08 times higher than those of mixed crust and bare soil,respectively;The net nitrification rate in spring and summer was significantly higher than that in bare soil,which were 4.09 and 3.18 times higher than in bare soil,respectively;The net nitrogen mineralization rate was significantly high

关 键 词：生物土壤结皮 氮矿化 氮矿化速率 季节动态变化 土壤温度和湿度 石漠化地区 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]