粉砂质页岩隧道周边孔装药结构及装药量对爆破效果影响研究  

Influence of Charge Structure of Peripheral Hole on Blasting Effect of Silty Shale Tunnel

作　　者：张建国 杨文 拜晓亮 赵海钦 蒋欢 李家宏 段聪 刘振江 王红云 ZHANG Jian-guo;YANG Wen;BAI Xiao-liang;ZHAO Hai-qin;JIANG Huan;LI Jia-hong;DUAN Cong;LIU Zhen-jiang;WANG Hong-yun(China Communications Second Highway Engineering Bureau Co.,LTD.,Tunnel Engineering Co.,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]中交二公局隧道工程公司,西安710000

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第1期85-91,共7页Blasting

摘　　要：光面爆破技术是目前控制隧道超欠挖的主要手段,为进一步探究周边孔装药结构及装药量对爆破效果的影响。以武隆隧道粉砂质页岩段为研究对象,采用现场爆破试验方法,分别进行了周边孔不同装药结构下不同单孔装药量爆破试验。结果表明:周边孔采用导爆索空气间隔装药结构,装药量为0.1+0.075×5 kg时爆破效果最佳,周边孔残留率96%,平均线性超挖为15.3 cm。采用雷管空气间隔装药结构,装药量为0.45 kg时爆破效果最佳,周边孔残留率可达90%,平均线性超挖18.4 cm。采用连续装药结构进行爆破,装药量为0.3/0.45 kg时爆破效果最佳,周边孔残留率32%,平均线性超挖量为24 cm。周边孔采用间隔装药结构可以有效提高爆破效果,保证周边孔炮孔残留率在50%以上,减小隧道超挖量;采用导爆索间隔装药爆破效果最佳,周边孔炮孔残留率在90%以上,雷管间隔装药结构爆破效果次之,炮孔残留率在70%以上,连续装药结构爆破效果最差,炮孔残留率50%以下。同时,通过现场试验证明:除采用导爆索空气间隔装药结构外,周边孔也可采用雷管空气间隔装药结构控制隧道超挖。The smooth blasting technology is the main means to control the over excavation and under excavation of tunnels at present.In order to explore the influence of the charge structure and charge amount of peripheral holes on the blasting effect,a series of single hole blasting tests were conducted in the silty shale section of Wulong Tun-nel.The results show that the best blasting effect for detonating cord initiation can be achieved when a decked pe-ripheral hole is charged with 0.1+0.0755 kg of explosive.At this time,the residual rate of peripheral holes is 96%,and the average linear overbreak is 15.3 cm.On the other hand,the best blasting effect for detonator initiation happens when the charge amount of a peripheral hole is 0.45 kg,with the residual rate of peripheral holes as 90%and the average linear overbreak as 18.4cm.When a continuous charging structure is adopted for the peripheral holes,the best blasting effect appears as the charging amount is 0.3/0.45 kg.In this case,the residual rate of sur-rounding holes is 32%and the average linear over excavation amount is 24 cm.The decking charge structure of the peripheral holes can effectively improve the blasting effect,which ensures the residual rate of peripheral holes is more than 50%and reduces the tunnel over-excavation.By comparison,the blasting effect,in the order from best to worst,is ranked as detonating cord with decking,detonator with decking and continuous charge,respectively.And their re-sidual rates of peripheral holes are more than 90%,more than 70%,and less than 50%,respectively.It is proved that both the detonating cord with decking charge structure and the detonator with decking charge structure can be used for surrounding holes to control tunnel over-excavation.

关 键 词：山岭隧道 粉砂质页岩 装药结构 装药量 爆破效果 

分 类 号：TB41[一般工业技术]