湖山露天铀矿多排孔大区块压渣爆破效果评价  

Effect Assessment of Buffer Blasting with Multi-row Holes and Large Block in Husab Open-pit Uranium Mine

作　　者：刘玉龙 黄磊 谢烽 张怀峰 汪志平 周恕辉 LIU Yu-long;HUANG Lei;XIE Feng;ZHANG Huai-feng;WANG Zhi-ping;ZHOU Shu-hui(CGNPC Uranium Resources Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100029,China;North Blasting Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]中广核铀业发展有限公司,北京100029 [2]北方爆破科技有限公司,北京100097

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第1期92-97,共6页Blasting

摘　　要：为改善湖山铀矿爆破位移大、矿岩大块率高和前部铲装效率低等问题,湖山铀矿设计并开展了5个大区块压渣爆破试验,每个区块量为36~53万t,炮孔排数15~21排,自由面预留5~40 m宽的渣体,测定和统计了试验区块爆堆形态、装载效率、爆破块度以及底板标高偏差等指标,并与同期清渣爆破区块进行对比分析。结果表明:在爆炸冲击作用下,爆堆存在前扑及隆起现象,爆堆表面呈高低不等连续分布状态,爆堆不同部位最大增高变化范围为4.06~5.85 m;铲装效率方面,液压铲在压渣爆破区块的平均装载效率为2722 t/h,比同期清渣爆破区块平均值高4.69%;爆破块度方面,压渣爆破区块爆后块度分布优于清渣爆破区块,在控制大块率方面更有优势。此外,压渣爆破在底板标高控制方面有一定优势。该研究首次将压渣爆破技术推广至多排孔大区块(15~21排)爆破中,这既符合大型露天矿山生产的客观需求,也是设备大型化后的必然趋势。可以使得湖山铀矿爆破更为精细化的同时,也可以为国内外类似的矿山爆破提供重要的现场数据。In order to solve the problems of large displacement,high boulder yield and low shovel loading effi-ciency in the front row of Husab mine blasting operations,a series of buffer blasting trials were designed and conduc-ted.The project has successively completed the buffer blasting tests in 5 large blocks,and each section has 360000 tons to 530000 tons of ores,15~21 rows of holes,and 5~40 meters wide buffer materials on the free surface.The muck pile shape,shovel productivity,fragmentation and floor elevation deviation were measured and compared with the non-buffer blasting results in the same period.The test results show that there are forward pounce and uplift phe-nomenon to the blasting pile under the impact of explosion.Meanwhile,the muck pile surface presents a shape with unequal heights,and the maximum height difference varies from 4.06 m to 5.85 m.The productivity of a hydraulic shovel is 2722 Vh in the buffer blasting blocks,which is 4.69%higher than that in the non-buffer blasting blocks in the same period.Moreover,the results of fragmentation analysis reveal that the buffer blasting is better than non-buff-er blasting on the fragmentation performance,and the buffer blasting has the advantage in reducing boulders.Finally,the test results show that the buffer blasting has certain advantages in floor elevation control.It is the first time to pro-mote buffer blasting technology to the blasting of large sections with multiple rows of holes(15 to 21 rows),which is not only in line with the objective needs of large-scale mine production,but also an inevitable trend as large-scale e-quipment is used.

关 键 词：爆破工程 压渣爆破 爆堆形态 铲装效率 块度分布 

分 类 号：TD235.4[矿业工程—矿井建设]