数码电子雷管在露天矿爆破中延期时间优化探讨  

Discussion on Delay Time optimization of Electronic Detonator in Open-pit Blasting

作　　者：周文斌 承财政 杨帆 马京京 陈旭 ZHOU Wen-bin;CHENG Cai-zheng;YANG Fan;MA Jing-jing;CHEN Xu(Xinjiang Xuefeng Blasting Engineering Co.,LTD.,Changji 831700,China;School of Mining Engineering and Geology,Xinjiang Institute of Engineering,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]昌吉雪峰爆破工程有限公司,昌吉831700 [2]新疆工程学院矿业工程与地质学院,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第1期172-177,共6页Blasting

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅面上项目(2018D01A42);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2021I027)。

摘　　要：针对新疆某露天矿复杂岩性台阶爆破大块率高,炸药单耗大,爆破效果差等问题,利用XF型数码电子雷管高精度、高安全度的优势,采用控制变量法,在该矿东帮四个标段445~595水平分别进行了59场不同可爆性岩体孔间、排间最优微差时间的爆破试验。通过对爆堆形状、矿岩块度及炸药单耗的统计,确定了最优的孔间和排间延期时间。试验结果表明:针对泥岩为主,部分细砂岩性台阶,孔间、排间延时/米分别取5.9 ms/m和14 ms/m时,爆堆平整,块度均匀;针对砂岩为主,部分泥岩岩性台阶,孔间、排间延时/米分别取2.7 ms/m和14.2 ms/m时,爆堆形状及规格合理,大块率较低。将试验结果应用于该矿现场生产,炸药平均单耗较往年同比降低4.03%,大块率降低1.8%。该项研究表明:针对复杂地质条件选取合理的孔间、排间延时时间,可有效降低炸药单耗,节约成本,且爆堆平整,块度均匀,降本增效显著。本次试验所确定的孔间排间延时时间,可为准东地区同等地质条件下泥岩、砂岩混合台阶爆破延时时间选取提供重要的现场数据。Aiming at the problems of high boulder yield,high explosive consumption and poor blasting effect in an open-pit mine with complex lithology in Xinjiang,59 blasting tests for the optimal inter-hole and inter-row delays in rock masses with different blastabilities were carried out on four levels(between 445 m and 595 m)at the east side of the mine.The optimal delays between holes and rows were determined by the shape of blasting pile,ore rock fragmentation and powder factor.The test results show that the blasting pile is flat and the fragmentation is uniform for benches of mudstone with some fine sands when the delays between holes and rows are 5.9 ms/m and 14 ms/m,respectively.For sandstone with part of mudstone lithologic,when the delays between holes and rows are taken as 2.7 ms/m and 14.2 ms/m respectively,the blasting pile shape and fragmentation are reasonable and the boulder yield is low.The test results are applied to the field production of the mine,and the average powder factor and boul-der yield are 4.03%and 1.8%,respectively,which are lower than those of previous years.The research shows that reasonable selecting of delay time between holes and rows for complex geological conditions can obtain flat blasting pile and the uniform block size,which can effectively reduce the powder factor,and save costs.The delay time deter-mined in this test can provide important field data for selecting the delay time of mudstone and sandstone mixed bench blasting under the same geological conditions in Zhundong area.

关 键 词：复杂地质条件 数码雷管 延时时间 微差爆破 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]