基于疏水仿生学提升超细高氯酸铵热分解、安全及防吸湿性能的研究  

Study on Improving the Thermal Decomposition,Safety and Anti-moisture Absorption Properties of Ultrafine Ammonium Perchlorate Based on Hydrophobic Bionics

作　　者：王茜[1] 黄欣阳 李玥其 刘洋 张行泉[1] 郭长平 WANG Qian;HUANG Xin-yang;LI Yue-qi;LIU Yang;ZHANG Xing-quan;GUO Chang-ping(Sichuan Innovation Center of New Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials for Civil-Military Integration,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;Sichuan Huachuan Industry Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学四川省新型含能材料军民融合创新中心,四川绵阳621010 [2]四川华川工业股份有限公司,四川成都610100

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第2期180-187,I0004,共9页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

摘　　要：为了研制出兼具高燃速和高安全性能的固体推进剂,以改善高氯酸铵的性能为目标,采用液相沉积法制备了具有核壳结构的超细高氯酸铵@硬脂酸锌(UF-AP@ZnSA)复合物;使用扫描电镜(SEM)、热重-差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等对样品的形貌、结构和热分解性能进行了表征;并测量了样品的撞击感度、摩擦感度、吸湿率和接触角等参数;采用热分析-红外联用技术分析并解释了硬脂酸锌(ZnSA)催化UF-AP的热分解机理。结果表明,UF-AP表面生成了ZnSA壳层;不同壳层含量的复合物中UF-AP高温分解峰从424.3℃降至370~385℃,相较于原料UF-AP,放热区间更加集中,放热量更大;UF-AP@ZnSA复合物特性落高(H_(50))相较于原料增加了27.6 cm,摩擦感度的爆炸概率减小了76%,安全性能大幅度提升;壳层质量分数为5%的UF-AP@ZnSA复合物72 h的吸湿率为0.05%,较原料UF-AP的吸湿率降低约90%,防吸湿性能得到明显提升。In order to prepare a solid propellant that combines high burning rate and high safety performance,the ultrafine ammonium perchlorate@zinc stearate(UF-AP@ZnSA)composite with core-shell structure were prepared by liquid phase deposition with the porpuse of improving the properties of ammonium perchlorate(AP).The morphology,structure and thermal decomposition properties of the samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC),and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and the related parameters of impact sensitivity,friction sensitivity,moisture absorbency rate,and the contact angle were measured.Thermal decomposition mechanism of UF-AP catalyzed by zinc stearate(ZnSA)was analyzed and explained by using thermal analysis-infrared coupling technique.The results showed that the ZnSA shell layer were generated on the surface of UF-AP;the high-temperature decomposition peak of UF-AP in the composite with different shell layer contents decreased from 424.3℃to 370—385℃,and the exothermic intervals were more concentrated and the exothermic heat amount was larger in comparison with that of raw UF-AP;The characteristic drop height(H_(50))of UF-AP@ZnSA composite was increased by 27.6 cm compared to the raw material,and the explosion probability of the friction sensitivity was reduced by 76%,and the safety performance was greatly improved.The moisture absorption rate of the UF-AP@ZnSA composite with a shell layer mass fraction of 5%for 72 h was 0.05%,which was 90%lower than that of the raw material UF-AP,and the anti-hygroscopicity performance was significantly improved.

关 键 词：物理化学 高氯酸铵(AP) 固体推进剂 硬脂酸锌 吸湿 疏水仿生学 热分解性能 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]