熊耳山矿集区小河流域水体及底泥重金属污染评价  

Water Body and Sediment of Xiaohe Watershed in Xiongershan Ore Concentration Area Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment

作　　者：张登峰 孙建伟 ZHANG Dengfeng;SUN Jianwei(Xi'an mineral resources investigation center of China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《矿产综合利用》2024年第1期109-119,共11页Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质大调查项目(DD20208079)。

摘　　要：这是一篇矿山环境领域的论文。河流是矿产资源开发过程中产生的重金属最主要的迁移途径和汇聚地,熊耳山矿集区矿产资源开发对河流的影响程度尚不清晰。为准确掌握熊耳山矿集区矿产资源开发对河流重金属的影响,以矿集区内小河流域的水体和底泥为研究对象,分析了小河干流及其主要支流水体和底泥中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg重金属含量特征。用单项污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数法对水体重金属污染程度进行评价;用地质累积指数法和质量基准法对河流底泥中重金属累积程度和污染程度进行评价。结果表明,小河流域水体中6种重金属平均含量在0.08~289.86μg/L之间,污染程度As>Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn,主要重金属污染物为As、Hg,主要污染河段分布于矿业活动强烈区,矿产资源开发是引起河流水体污染的主要因素。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg在小河流域河道底泥中累积效应显著,重金属污染程度严重,质量基准法评价结果显示,小河流域底泥中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、As、Hg所有样品均严重污染,综合地质累积指数法和质量基准法评价结果,小河流域河道底泥污染程度:Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn>As>Hg,其中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd是主要污染元素,Hg,As是次要污染元素。研究认为:熊耳山矿集区矿产资源开发是引起小河流域水体、河道底泥重金属污染的主要因素,已经对河流水体和底泥造成不同程度的重金属污染,加强矿产资源开发全过程的源头治理和监管,是保护和改善小河流域重金属污染的根本手段。This is an article in the field of mining environment.Rivers are the main migration paths and convergence places of heavy metals produced in the process of mineral resources development.The impact of mineral resources development in Xiongershan ore concentration area on rivers is not clear.In order to clearly understand the impact of mineral resources development on river heavy metals in Xiongershan ore concentration area.Taking the water and sediment of small river basins in the mining area as the research object,the content characteristics of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,as,Hg heavy metals in the mainstream of the small river and its main tributaries and sediment were analyzed.The single pollution index and Nemero comprehensive pollution index were used to evaluate the pollution degree of heavy metals in water;The accumulation degree and pollution degree of heavy metals in river sediment were evaluated by geological accumulation index method and quality standard method.The results showed that the average contents of six heavy metals in the water body of the small river basin ranged from 0.08 to 289.866μg/L,the pollution degree As>Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn,the main heavy metal pollutants are as and Hg,the main polluted river reaches are distributed in the areas with strong mining activities,and the development of mineral resources is the main factor causing river water pollution.The accumulation effect of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,as and Hg in the river sediment of the small river basin is significant,and the pollution degree of heavy metals is serious.The evaluation results of the quality standard method show that all samples of Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn,as and Hg in the river sediment are seriously polluted.According to the evaluation results of the comprehensive geological accumulation index method and the quality standard method,the pollution degree of the river sediment of the small river basin is:Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn>As>Hg,in which Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd are the main pollution elements,Hg,As is a secondary pollution element.The research shows that the development of mineral r

关 键 词：矿山环境 水体 底泥 重金属污染 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]