氮磷钾肥配施对薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性的影响  

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the characteristics of grain filling and fruiting in different parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

作　　者：刘敏 曾涛[1] 魏盛 付敬锋 程乙 刘代铃 宋碧[1,2,3] LIU Min;ZENG Tao;WEI Sheng;FU Jingfeng;CHENG Yi;LIU Dailing;SONG Bi(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省药用植物繁育与种植重点实验室,贵阳550025 [3]贵州省粮油作物分子育种重点实验室,贵阳550025 [4]贵州省高等学校功能农业重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第3期405-420,共16页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160516);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般270);贵州省特色粮油作物栽培与生理生态研究科技创新人才团队(黔科合平台人才项目[2019]5613号);贵州省粮油作物分子育种重点实验室项目(黔科合中引地[2023]008号);贵州省高等学校功能农业重点实验室项目(黔教技[2023]007号)资助。

摘　　要：探明氮、磷、钾肥不同配比对薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性的影响,可为薏苡高效施肥技术模式提供理论和技术支持。以‘贵薏1号’为材料,采用“3414”设计,应用Richards方程对不同氮磷钾肥配施下薏苡5个部位(上、中、下1、下2和下3部位)籽粒灌浆过程的影响进行了研究。结果表明:1)与不施肥处理相比,施用氮磷钾肥可延长薏苡上、中、下1、下2和下3部位籽粒灌浆速率达最大时需要的天数和籽粒活跃灌浆期,提高灌浆速率达最大值时的粒重、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率,进而提高薏苡结实特性。2)氮磷钾肥配施显著提高薏苡中部和下1部粒重,在单因素肥效间表现为N>K>P,在双因素肥效互作间表现为PK>NP>NK,但过量施用氮磷钾肥会使粒重有所下降,结实特性显著变差。3)相关性分析表明,上、中、下1、下2和下3部位籽粒的千粒重与籽粒结实率、充实度、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率呈正相关。4)拟合肥料与薏苡千粒重效应函数方程,得出薏苡N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的最优推荐施肥范围分别为135.51~270.99 kg·hm^(-2)、75.00~150.50 kg·hm^(-2)、56.25~112.51 kg·hm^(-2)。氮磷钾肥配施显著影响薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性,适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著促进籽粒灌浆、缩小部位间差异,又可以提高结实率和粒重。在薏苡生产中,氮肥对薏苡籽粒灌浆结实特性影响最大,钾肥次之,磷肥影响最小。The development of spike traits in graminaceous plants is unbalanced,and so is that of Coix lacryma-jobi L.Due to the sequential order of glume differentiation,the process of grouting and development between grains in different parts of the plant are not synchronized,which ultimately leads to inconsistency in maturity.The differences between the strong and weak grains are highlighted with the increase in the number of secondary pedicels,thus limiting the further exploitation of the yield potential of Coix lacryma-jobi L.Nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer rationing is an effective way to narrow the differences in grouting firming characteristics between seed parts by comparing the effects of different N,P,and K fertilizers on the dynamics of grain weight gain in different parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L.,the parameters of the grouting characteristics,the fruiting characteristics,and the effect of fertilizers,and to explore the optimal fertilization of Coix lacryma-jobi L.to provide theoretical and technical support for this high-efficiency fertilization technology model.Taking‘Guiyi No.1’as the material,Richards’equation was applied to study the grouting process of grains in five parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L.(upper,middle,basal 1,basal 2 and basal 3 parts)under different nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers in‘3414’design.The results showed that 1)the application of N,P,and K fertilizers could prolong the number of days required to reach the maximum grouting rate and the active seed-filling period of grains in the upper,middle,basal 1,basal 2,and basal 3 parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L.,increase the grain weight at the maximum grouting rate;the average grouting rate and the maximum seed-filling rate,which would,in turn,improve the characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi L.fruiting.2)N,P,and K fertilizers significantly increased the grain weight in the middle and basal parts of Coix lacryma-jobi L.,with N>K>P among single-factor fertilizer effects and PK>NP>NK among two-factor fertilizer

关 键 词：薏苡 氮磷钾配施 籽粒部位 灌浆特性 

分 类 号：S519[农业科学—作物学] S143.5