微波能强化膜材料制备与膜分离过程  

Enhanced Membrane Preparations and Separation Processes Utilizing Microwave Energy

作　　者：余文清 赵振宇 李洪[1,2] 高鑫[1,2,3] YU Wenqing;ZHAO Zhenyu;LI Hong;GAO Xin(School of Chemical Eng.and Technol.,Tianjin Univ.,Tianjin 300072,China;National Eng.Research Center of Distillation Technol.,Tianjin Univ.,Tianjin 300072,China;Haihe Lab.of Sustainable Chemical Transformations,Tianjin 300192,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]天津大学精馏技术国家工程研究中心,天津300072 [3]物质绿色创造与制造海河实验室,天津300192

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2024年第2期129-138,共10页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金特别资助(2022TQ0232);中国博士后科学基金面上资助(2022M722365);国家自然科学基金面上项目(21878219)。

摘　　要：微波能在化工领域的创新应用是化工电气化研究的热点趋势之一,涉及加热、工业废水处理、矿物除杂、有机催化、材料合成及医药灭菌等多个方向。微波作为一种外场强化手段应用于膜分离技术,不仅可以缩短膜材料制备时间,降低生产成本,还能提高渗透通量,强化膜过程的分离性能。本文通过总结微波在制备分子筛膜(MOF、MFI型、NaA型等)、聚合物膜、混合基质膜等膜材料的典型应用优势,发现微波的引入可以使制备出的膜材料通量及选择性更高,这是因为分子筛膜的晶体大小更加均匀,晶体取向更加一致,膜层可以更薄、缺陷减少;使聚合膜的聚合率增大,表面更加光滑,内部结构更加规则;使混合基质膜的机械性能更好。阐述了微波技术在不同类别的膜材料制备应用中的强化机理,其中:在分子筛等无机膜制备中,微波可以降低有效活化能,调控晶体粒径,诱导晶体取向;在聚合物膜的制备过程中,微波可以改变膜结构,改变传热方向,增加聚合接枝率,降低反应活化能。归纳了微波提升膜材料在气体和液体分离方面性能的研究,考虑到该领域基础研究较少,根据微波的独特加热优势,提出选择性汽化、诱导氢键减弱、局部过热、诱导生成纳米气泡及分子扰动5个可能的微波强化膜分离机理,利用微波加热在膜分离中的补偿温度极化、减少膜污染、降低浓度极化,有望实现膜选择性和渗透通量的同步提升。The innovative application of microwaves in the chemical industry is a focal point of research in the trend of chemical electrification.This encompasses various areas such as heating,industrial wastewater treatment,mineral impurity removal,organic catalysis,material synthesis,and medical sterilization.Microwave technology is gaining considerable attention as an external field-strengthening method applied to membrane separation.This is because this technology decreases the preparation time and production cost of membranes materials as well as enhances per-meability and improves the separation process of membrane processes.Firstly,this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the typical ap-plications of microwaves for preparing various membrane types,including molecular sieve membranes(such as MOF,MFI,and NaA type),poly-mer films,mixed matrix films,etc.The utilization of microwave technology is shown to result in membranes with higher flux and selectivity,as molecular sieve membranes preparation of microwave assistance exhibit more uniform crystal size and consistent crystal orientation,thinner membrane layers,and reduced defects.Polymer membranes synthesized using microwave routes demonstrate an improved polymerization rate,smoother surface,and a more regular internal structure.Additionally,mixed matrix membranes prepared using microwaves exhibit enhanced mechanical properties.This review summarizes the strengthening mechanisms of microwave technology in the preparation of diverse membrane materials.In the case of inorganic membranes,such as molecular sieve films,microwave irradiation is utilized to reduce the effective activation energy of crystalline nucleation,adjust crystal size,and induce crystal orientation.For polymer membranes,microwave technology is employed to modify membrane structure,alter the direction of heat transfer,increase polymerization grafting rates,and reduce reaction activation energy.Fur-thermore,the research explores microwave enhancement of membrane material performance in gas and liqu

关 键 词：微波 膜分离 膜制备 外场强化 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]