“刑用重典”与明太祖的角色转换  

Punishment with Severe Penalties and the Shift in Ming Taizu's Role

作　　者：方志远[1] Fang Zhiyuan

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,南昌330027

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2024年第2期155-171,207,208,共19页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：“刑用重典”是明太祖朱元璋国家治理的重要内容和基本特征,成为明清两代的时代符号和永久记忆。对于“刑用重典”的记忆,随着时间的推移而变化乃至重塑;作为时代符号,“刑用重典”既表现在法外酷刑,也表现在法律本身的严苛,既注入政治、经济、文化、外事政策之中,又时时夹带着随意和任性,从而造成严峻冷酷的政治气氛。“刑用重典”经历了一个由打击富民、扶植小农,重视民生、严惩贪吏,到为增加国库收入而剥夺富人及富裕地区、为维护朱氏江山而成批杀功臣及文化人的过程。明太祖本人也发生了由底层民众代表向集权皇朝帝王的角色转换,为民除暴的“本心”则自觉或不自觉地转化为传之万代的“私心”。As an important constituent element and basic feature of the national governance of Zhu Yuanzhang,founder of the Ming dynasty(Ming Taizu),"punishment with severe penalties"became a symbol of the times and an enduring remembrance of the Ming and Qing dynasties.Such memories change and even reshape themselves with the passage of time.As a symbol of the era,punishment with severe penalties was manifested in extrajudicial torture and the strictness of the law itself.Its extension to politics,the economy,culture and foreign policy,along with its randomness and caprice,created a dire and ruthless political atmosphere.The system underwent an initial process from cracking down on the rich,supporting the peasants,attaching importance to the people's livelihood,and punishing corrupt officials severely to exploiting rich people and rich areas in order to increase the state revenue and having numerous meritorious officials and literati killed in order to protect the imperial house.Zhu Yuanzhang's own role also shifted from a representative of the masses to the emperor of a centralized dynasty as his"original intent"to fight for the people consciously or unconsciously turned into the self-centered quest of passing down the reign to ten thousands of generations.This has become a model for transformation from a"peasant leader"to an"authoritarian monarch."

关 键 词：明太祖 刑用重典 本心 私心 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]