美国STEM人才培养战略探析——基于美国国家科学基金会两份五年战略规划的分析  

The STEM Talent Cultivation Strategies of the United Sates--Comparison and Analysis Based on the Two Five Year Strategic Plans of the NSF

作　　者：陈庆[1] 杨颉[1] CHEN Qing;YANG Jie(School of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学教育学院,上海200240

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2024年第1期71-78,共8页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：中国高等教育学会高等教育科学研究重点委托课题“高等教育领域简政放权放管结合优化服务改革研究”(2019ZXZD002)。

摘　　要：为增强国家科研实力,保持全球领先地位,美国国家科学基金会长期探索STEM人才培养的有效路径。通过对其2018年与2022年战略规划中与STEM人才培养相关内容的解构与重构,发现美国近十年在STEM领域人才培养的工作重心在于:打造科研创新生态系统以培养多功能型STEM人才,挖掘非正式教育在STEM人才培养方面的作用以及推广参与式研究。规划的相关内容为我国如何更好地培养理工科人才以推动科技创新、提高国家科研实力提供了四个方面的借鉴:突出政府部门统筹规划作用,构建“官-产-学-研”一体化人才培养系统;挖掘非正式教育的补充作用,探索“正式教育+非正式教育”的双重人才培养路径;坚持教育强国战略,完善理工科人才培养双循环格局;抓住AI发展机遇,长线布局数据密集型科学人才培养。The National Science Foundation(NSF)has conducted extensive research on effective paths for cultivating STEM talents to enhance national research capabilities and maintain global leadership.Through a deconstruction and reconstruction of NSF's 2018 and 2022 strategic plans pertaining to STEM talent cultivation,this paper reveals that,over the past decade,the US placed the focus of its talent cultivation in STEM fields on establishing a research and innovation ecosystem to foster multifaceted STEM talents,exploring the role of informal education in STEM talent cultivation,and promoting participatory research.It offers four valuable lessons for China to improve the cultivation of talents in science and technology in order to enhance innovation and national research capabilities in this field.1.Highlighting the role of government departments in planning and constructing an integrated system of“government-industry-education-research”to cultivate talents.2.Exploring the complementary role of non-formal education and investigating the dual talent cultivation path of“formal education+informal education.”3.Improving the“double-loop”pattern of science and technology talent cultivation by adhering to the strategy of strengthening education.4.Seizing the opportunity of AI development and developing data-intensive scientific talent cultivation in the long term.

关 键 词：STEM人才培养 美国国家科学基金会 理工科人才培养 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]