多试件垫片加速寿命试验装置试验垫片预紧应力误差分析  

Analysis of Pre-tightening Stress Error of the Test Gasket of Multi Specimen Gasket Accelerated Life Test Device

作　　者：姚炳洋 邵春雷[1] 张云浩 孔靖 胡康 YAO Bingyang;SHAO Chunlei;ZHANG Yunhao;KONG Jing;HU Kang(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2024年第2期145-154,共10页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB2008000);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(院级)(JXSS-008)。

摘　　要：垫片是螺栓法兰连接系统的核心部件,对垫片寿命进行预测可提高连接系统的可靠性,而减小垫片寿命评价装置试验误差则可提高垫片寿命预测的准确性。以柔性石墨缠绕垫为例,研究多试件垫片加速寿命试验装置的法兰和垫片厚度偏差、加载的同轴度偏差和垫片安装偏差对垫片上应力分布的影响,得到在不同温度和预紧应力下的载荷比,确定试验装置所允许的最大偏差;揭示温度和预紧应力大小对试验垫片预紧应力误差的影响,提出控制预紧应力误差的方法。结果表明:预紧应力误差都随着温度的升高而减小;法兰和垫片厚度偏差引起的预紧应力误差随着预紧应力增大而减小;试验装置加载的同轴度偏差和垫片安装偏差引起的试验垫片的预紧应力误差随着预紧应力增大而增大。以试验垫片预紧应力误差1%为指标,得到法兰和垫片之间的厚度偏差应控制在-0.02~0.005 mm之间,试验装置加载的同轴度偏差应不大于0.33 mm,试验垫片的安装偏差应不大于1.24 mm。对于其他种类垫片,也可以通过提出的方法确定法兰和垫片之间的厚度偏差、试验装置加载的同轴度偏差、试验垫片的安装偏差的范围。Gaskets are the core components of bolted flange connection systems.Predicting the life of gaskets can improve the reliability of the bolted flanged connection,while reducing the experimental error of gasket life evaluation devices can improve the accuracy of gasket life prediction.Taking flexible graphite spiral wound gaskets as example,the influence of flange and gasket thickness deviation,loading coaxiality deviation and gasket installation deviation on the stress distribution of the gasket of the multi specimen gasket accelerated life test device were studied.The load ratio under different temperatures and pre-tightening stress was obtained,and the maximum allowable deviation of the test device was determined.The influence of temperature and pre-tightening stress on the pre-tightening stress error of the test gasket was revealed,and the method of controlling the pre-tightening stress error was put forward.The results show that the pre-tightening stress error decreases with the increase of temperature,the pre-tightening stress error caused by the thickness deviation of the flange and gasket decreases with the increase of pre-tightening stress,and the coaxiality deviation of test device loading and the pre-tightening stress error of the gasket caused by the gasket installation deviation increases with the increase of preloading stress.Taking the pre-tightening stress error of the test gasket of 1% as the index,it is obtained that the thickness deviation of the flange and gasket should be controlled between-0.02 mm to 0.005 mm,the coaxiality deviation loaded by the test device should not be greater than 0.33 mm,and the installation deviation of the test gasket should not be greater than 1.24 mm.For other types of gaskets,the range of thickness deviation between flange and gasket,coaxiality deviation loaded by test device and installation deviation of test gasket can also be determined by the method established in this paper.

关 键 词：垫片 厚度偏差 同轴度偏差 安装偏差 预紧应力误差 

分 类 号：TH136[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]