康乾时代与早期全球化:17—18世纪中西信息、知识流动与政治变迁  

The Eras from Kangxi to Qianlong and the Early Globalization:Information and Knowledge Mobility between East and West and Political Changes in the 17th-18th Centuries

作　　者：鱼宏亮 Yu Hongliang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,100101

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2023年第6期68-119,242,共53页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

摘　　要：从明代末期开始的全球化浪潮并未因明清王朝的更迭而中断。清初康雍乾时代的宫廷与社会中,亚欧大陆上的人才、信息与知识流动十分活跃。以天主教传教士、外国商团、外交使节为纽带,中西社会建立了广泛的信息与知识流通网络,对中国上层社会的知识结构与世界认知以及普通民众的生产技能与生活方式产生了重要影响。康雍乾时期的政治、外交与文化生活深深地打上了全球化的烙印。在这个过程中,中西方的信息、知识、艺术与物质文明,都产生了双向流动的绚丽景象。新整理出版的《明清宫藏丝绸之路档案图典》中的一批17—18世纪档案文献与俄罗斯、中亚等地的外交档案,揭示了康雍乾时代的全球化趋势。16—17世纪开始的全球化过程在康雍乾时代并未中断,而且有更深入的发展,以传统丝绸之路为纽带的中外贸易形成了全球性的贸易网络。直到19世纪新教国家殖民主义意识形态开始主导全球化浪潮,全球化的形态发生重大变化,中国的地位和形象才开始发生逆转,全球化的内容被殖民化所取代。这是我们明清史研究中需要加强的一个重要认识。The wave of globalization that began at the end of the Ming Dynasty was not interrupted by the change from Ming to Qing Dynasties.In the court and society of the Kangxi and Qianlong eras in the early Qing Dynasty,the mobility of talent,information and knowledge between Asia and Europe was very active.Catholic missionaries,foreign merchant groups,and diplomatic envoys served as a link between the Chinese and Western societies,establishing an extensive network of information and knowledge circulation,which had a significant impact on the knowledge structure and perception of the world among the Chinese upper class,as well as on the production skills and lifestyle of the general public.In this process,there was a two⁃way flow of information,knowledge,art and material culture between China and the West.A group of 17th⁃and 18th⁃century archival documents in the newly published Atlas of the Silk Road Archives in the Palace Collections of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,along with diplomatic archives from Russia and Central Asia,reveal the globalization trends from the Kangxi to the Qianlong eras.Trade linked by the Silk Road formed a global trade network.It was not until the 19th century,when the colonialist ideology of the protestant countries began to dominate the wave of globalization and the shape of globalization underwent major changes,that China's position and image began to be reversed and the globalization was replaced by colonization.We need to be more aware of this in the study of Ming and Qing history.

关 键 词：康雍乾时代 全球化 亚欧大陆 信息网络 知识流通 《明清宫藏丝绸之路档案图典》 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]