微/纳塑料穿透机体生物屏障及其健康效应  

Penetration of micro/nanoplastics into biological barriers in organisms and associated health effects

作　　者：仇浩 李京京 陈光全 曹天宜 李晶[2] 李星 仇荣亮 Hao Qiu;Jingjing Li;Guangquan Chen;Tianyi Cao;Jing Li;Xing Li;Rongliang Qiu(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural&Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety,College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital,School of Medicine,Tongji University,Shanghai 201204,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东省农业农村污染治理与环境安全重点实验室,广州510642 [3]同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院,上海201204

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第6期717-730,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42022057,42230707)资助。

摘　　要：由于塑料的生产量和废弃量逐年急剧递增,微/纳塑料环境污染问题日益凸显,已成为全球关注的重大环境问题.微/纳塑料具有尺寸小、难降解、易迁移等特点.食物、水体、空气及日用品中的微/纳塑料能够通过消化道、呼吸道及皮肤接触等途径进入人体,对组织器官产生毒性效应,危害人体健康.本文聚焦微/纳塑料的毒性效应与健康风险研究热点,系统梳理了微/纳塑料在人体、模式动物及典型人源细胞中的相关研究,评述了微/纳塑料的主要机体暴露途径及其穿透胃肠道屏障、肺部屏障、皮肤屏障的能力;分析了微/纳塑料透过机体血液循环发生血肝转移、血脑转移、血睾转移、血胎转移并在各器官中蓄积的行为过程与主控因素;阐述了微/纳塑料对机体不同组织和器官的毒性效应及其潜在作用机制;探讨了当下微/纳塑料健康风险研究面临的瓶颈及关键技术难点;提出了未来研究应当对微/纳塑料的精确定性定量方法、载体效应、流行病学调查等方面加以注重,以期为进一步指导微/纳塑料人体健康效应研究奠定基础.Plastics are widely applied in industry,agriculture,medicine and daily life products due to their excellent physicochemical properties.However,the vast production and disposal of plastics have resulted in large amounts of plastics debris entering into terrestrial,atmospheric,freshwater,and marine environments.These plastic debris can be gradually fragmented into microplastics(1μm–5 mm)or nanoplastics(1 nm–1μm)through physical abrasion,photodegradation,chemical degradation,and biodegradation.The environmental pollution of micro/nanoplastics has become a major environmental issue of global concern because of the widespread detection of micro/nanoplastics in various environmental media and organisms.The small-sized micro/nanoplastics are often hard to be degraded and easy to migrate.When present in food,water,air,and daily necessities,micro/nanoplastics can enter the human body through the digestive tract,respiratory tract,and skin contact.This is supported by the fact that micro/nanoplastics have been detected in human feces,blood and placenta.The accumulation of micro/nanoplastics may induce toxic effects on tissues and organs,and further endanger human health.Although many literatures have reported the adverse effects of micro/nanoplastics on living organisms,the internal processes and modes of toxic action,particularly the penetration of micro/nanoplastics into important biological barriers,the accumulation,transfer and distribution of micro/nanoplastics inside the receptors,have not been systematically reviewed and analyzed.This study focuses on the research topic of toxic effects and health risks of micro/nanoplastics.The related studies of micro/nanoplastics in human body,model animals and typical human cells are systematically teased out.The main exposure routes of micro/nanoplastics and their potential penetration into gastrointestinal barrier,lung barrier and skin barrier are critically reviewed.The capacity of micro/nanoplastics penetrating into the biological barriers is mainly determined by their

关 键 词：微/纳塑料 人体屏障 健康效应 致毒机制 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X503.1