女童和青春期女性阴道菌群相关研究进展  

Research progress on vaginal flora in children and adolescent girls

作　　者：郗思琪 肖冰冰[1] 尹玲[1] 李克敏[1] XI Siqi;XIAO Bingbing;YIN Ling;LI Kemin(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院妇产科,北京100034

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2024年第1期105-109,114,共6页Chinese Journal of Microecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2301000);国家自然科学基金面上项目(81971342)。

摘　　要：女性阴道菌群与疾病息息相关。由于雌激素水平不同,女童和青春期女性的阴道菌群不同于育龄期女性。青春期前健康女童的阴道菌群多样性高,以厌氧菌为优势菌,乳杆菌数量较少;而在月经初潮前,女童的阴道菌群就已转变为以乳杆菌为优势菌;月经初潮后青春期女性的阴道菌群组成与育龄期女性相似。患有外阴阴道炎的女童和青春期女性的病原菌也与育龄期女性不同,青春期前患者常以化脓性链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌为常见病原菌,而青春期患者的白假丝酵母感染率最高。深入了解健康的和患有外阴阴道炎的女童和青春期女性阴道菌群的特点有利于及时发现、诊治女童和青春期女性相关生殖道疾病。Women's vaginal flora is closely related to diseases.Because of differences in the levels of estrogen,the vaginal flora of children and adolescents differs from that of reproductive women.The diversity of vaginal flora of prepubertal girls is high,the dominant bacteria are anaerobic bacteria,and the count of lactobacilli is low.Adolescent vaginal flora has changed before menarche,with the dominant bacteria having become lactobacilli.After menarche,the composition of flora is similar to that of reproductive women.As for the pathogens of vulvovaginitis,there are also differences between children/adolescents and reproductive women.Streptococcus pyogenes,Haemophilus influenzae,Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are common pathogens in prepubertal patients.Candida albicans shows the highest infection rate in pubertal patients.Deeply understanding the characteristics of the vaginal flora in healthy and vulvovaginitis children and adolescents is conducive to timely detection,diagnosis and treatment of reproductive tract diseases in children and adolescents.

关 键 词：阴道菌群 外阴阴道炎 女童 青春期女性 

分 类 号：R711.31[医药卫生—妇产科学]