南疆矮化密植高产优质香梨节水灌溉模式筛选  

Irrigation modes screening for water saving, high yield and quality of dwarfed and densely planted fragrant pears in South Xinjiang of China

作　　者：何新林[1,2,3] 王佳鑫 龚萍 赵丽[1] 衡通 王春霞[1,2,3] 张景瑞 HE Xinlin;WANG Jiaxin;GONG Ping;ZHAO Li;HENG Tong;WANG Chunxia;ZHANG Jingrui(College of Water&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,石河子832000 [2]寒旱区生态水利工程兵团重点实验室,石河子832000 [3]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,石河子832000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第2期249-262,共14页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51969027);兵团财政科技计划项目(2021DB012,2022DB020,2023AB059);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0804)。

摘　　要：为探讨香梨节水灌溉模式,提高水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和产量,于2021–2022年在新疆29团5年生香梨园开展灌溉方式和灌溉定额双因素完全随机试验,设置了3种微灌方式:地表滴灌(M1)、地下滴灌(M2)、根区渗灌(M3),3种灌溉定额:低水(I1)、中水(I2)、高水(I3),以传统漫灌(CK)为对照,研究不同灌溉方式和灌溉量对土壤电导率和脱盐率、香梨生长、产量、WUE、果实品质和净效益的影响。结果表明:M2的产量和WUE最高,且可以促进香梨生长,提高果实品质以及促进盐分淋洗。M3前期的投入成本最大,但获得的净利润仅次于M2。灌溉方式相同时,增加灌溉定额有利于香梨生长、提高产量和盐分淋洗。基于主成分分析、优劣解距离法和秩和比法3种综合评价方法从环境效益、果实品质和经济效益3个方面,选取15个评价指标进行综合评价,M2I3处理综合得分最高,M1I1处理综合得分最低。因此,对矮化密植初果期的香梨进行灌溉时,推荐地下滴灌模式且生育期灌溉定额为6 750 m^(3)/hm^(2)。研究可为南疆干旱区林果业节水控盐高效生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。An extensive field study was presented to optimize the irrigation techniques for water use efficiency(WUE)and yield in dwarf and densely planted fragrant pears in South Xinjiang.A two-factor and fully randomized design was conducted in the 29th regiment of Xinjiang.Three advanced micro-irrigation systems were selected—surface drip irrigation(M1),subsurface drip irrigation(M2),and root-zone infiltration irrigation(M3)—with traditional flood irrigation(CK)as a comparative baseline.Three irrigation quotas were set as low(I1),medium(I2),and high(I3)to evaluate their suitability under the varying limitations of water resources.A systematic analysis was then implemented to assess the impact of these irrigation modes on several critical parameters,including electrical conductivity(EC),desalination rate,growth patterns,yield,WUE,fruit quality,and economic viability.The results show that the subsurface drip irrigation(M2)demonstrated superior performance to enhance the yield and WUE.Notable benefits were obtained to promote the pear growth for the fruit quality.The performance was statistically comparable to M3(P>0.05)in the effective salt leaching.Moreover,irrigation modes and irrigation quotas significantly dominated the soil salinity distribution(P<0.05).Three micro-irrigation modes produced a certain degree of salt aggregation,except for the diffuse irrigation.The difference among irigation modes was not significant(P>0.05).Both irrigation modes and irrigation quotas dominated the yield and water use efficiency of fragrant pear.The fruit diameter,yield,water use efficiency,and net profit of M1 were significantly higher than those of surface irrigation(CK and M1)under the same irrigation quotas.But there was no significant difference with M3(P<0.05).Despite the higher initial investment,M3 generated substantial net profits,second only to M2.Further analysis revealed that the higher irrigation quota consistently improved the fragrant pear growth,yield,and salt-leaching efficiency.PPrincipal Component Analysis(PCA),t

关 键 词：灌溉 盐分 水资源 香梨 微灌 产量 水分利用效率 综合评价 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] S275.3[农业科学—农业工程]